什么是古典经济学
英国经济学派。18世纪後期由亚当斯密创立,到李嘉图)和弥尔时臻於成熟。古典经济学是最早涉及经济成长动力的学说,反对重商主义学说,强调经济自由,主要是自由放任主义和自由竞争的思想。其许多基本概念和原理是由亚当斯密在《国富论》(1776)中提出的,主张当人民依照私利行动时,国家所创造的财富是最大的。新古典经济学家如马歇尔表示供求量会分配经济资源予最有效的使用。亚当斯密的思想被李嘉图加以阐述和发展,强调在自由竞争条件下生产和销售产品的价值(即价格)总是要同生产中所花费的劳动费用成正比。弥尔在《政治经济学原理》(1848)中重新阐述了李嘉图的一些理论,这一着作标志着古典经济学发展的高峰。後来有人修改古典经济学学说而产生极为不同的结论,其中包括马克思和凯因斯。
classical economics
School of economic thought largely centered in Britain that originated with Adam Smith and reached maturity in the works of David Ricardo and John Stuart Mill. The theories of the classical school were mainly concerned with the dynamics of economic growth. Reacting against mercantilism, classical economics emphasized economic freedom. It stressed ideas such as laissez-faire and free competition. Many of the fundamental principles of classical economics were set forth in Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776), in which he argued that a nation's wealth was greatest when its citizens followed their own self-interest. Neoclassical economists such as Alfred Marshall showed that the forces of supply and demand would ration economic resources to their most effective uses. Smith's ideas were elaborated and refined by Ricardo, who formulated the principle that the price of goods produced and sold under competitive conditions tends to be proportionate to the labor costs incurred in producing them. Mill's Principles of Political Economy (1848) gave the ideas greater currency by relating them to contemporary social conditions. Among those who have modified classical economics to reach very different conclusions are Karl Marx and John Maynard Keynes.
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向壁虚造是什么意思?
意思是:向壁:脸朝着墙壁;虚造:弄虚作假。坐着面对墙壁凭空造作。形容没有事实根据地主观臆造。成语名字:向壁虚造成语发音:xiàngbìxūzào成语解释:向壁:脸朝着墙壁;虚造:弄虚作假。坐着面对墙壁凭空造作。形容没有事实根据地主观臆造。成语出处:汉许慎《序》:“世人大共...
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忧心悄悄是什么意思?
意思是:忧虑不安貌。成语名字:忧心悄悄成语发音:yōuxīnqiāoqiāo成语解释:忧虑不安貌。成语出处:《诗经·邶风·柏舟》:“忧心悄悄,愠于群小;觏闵既多,受侮不少。”成语繁体:憂心悄悄感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语、状语;用于处事成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:古...
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谩不经意是什么意思?
意思是:谓随随便便不放在心上。谩,通“漫”。成语名字:谩不经意成语发音:mànbùjīngyì成语解释:谓随随便便不放在心上。谩,通“漫”。成语出处:明·张居正《乞鉴别忠邪以定国事疏》:“今谓皇上谩不经意,一切委之于臣,何其敢于厚诬皇上邪?”成语繁体:謾不經意感情色彩:中...
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无胫而至是什么意思?
意思是:犹无胫而行。常以喻良才不招而自至爱贤者之门。成语名字:无胫而至成语发音:wújìngérzhì成语解释:犹无胫而行。常以喻良才不招而自至爱贤者之门。成语出处:汉·孔融《论盛孝章书》:“珠玉无胫而自至者,以人好之也,况贤者之有卒乎!”成语繁体:無脛而至感情色彩:...