什么是恐怖主义
有系统地使用暴力来制造某些人的恐惧,期以达成特定的政治目标。世界各地的历史上都出现过恐怖主义活动,包括左派及右派的政治组织、民族主义者、特殊族群团体及革命分子。恐怖主义虽然常被认为是颠覆及推翻既存政治体制的工具,但有时也会被政府用来对付人民以强化国家意识形态,例如某些古罗马皇帝、法国革命时期(恐怖统治Reign of Terror)、纳粹德国以及史达林时代的俄国。恐怖主义的影响逐日加大,因为一方面现代武器的致命性和科技复杂性愈来愈高,另一方面现代媒体传散这类攻击新闻的即时性也愈来愈高。有史以来最严重的恐怖攻击发生在2001年9月:自杀性的恐怖分子劫持四架美国民航客机,其中两架撞上纽约世界贸易中心(World Trade Center)的双子星大楼,另一架撞击华府的五角大厦(Pentagon),第四架则坠毁在宾州匹兹堡附近。这些撞击导致世贸中心几乎全部崩坍、五角大厦西南角烧毁,造成飞机上266人罹难、撞毁的建筑物内外数千人死亡。
terrorism
Systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. It has been used throughout history and the world by political organizations of both the left and the right, by nationalist and ethnic groups, and by revolutionaries. Though usually thought of as an instrument for destabilizing or overthrowing existing political institutions, terror has also been employed internally by governments against their own subjects to enforce adherence to the national ideology; examples include the reigns of certain Roman emperors, the French Revolution (see Reign of Terror), Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union in the Stalinist era. Terrorism's impact has been magnified by the deadliness and technological sophistication of modern-day weapons and the capability of modern media to disseminate news of such attacks instantaneously throughout the world. The deadliest terrorist attack ever occurred in September 2001, when suicide terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center complex and one into the Pentagon building in Washington, D.C.; the fourth plane crashed near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The crashes resulted in the collapse of much of the World Trade Center complex, the destruction of part of the southwest side of the Pentagon, and the deaths of 266 people aboard the planes and thousands more in the buildings or in nearby areas.
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什么是脂类
难溶于水而易溶于乙醚、氯仿或苯等非极性溶剂中的有机化合物,或称脂质。种类甚多,其化学结构各异,包括甘油三脂、磷脂、神经磷脂及固醇等。脂质代谢的紊乱可导致高脂血症、脂肪肝等疾患。脂类广泛存在于生物体中,按化学结构可分为单纯脂类(主要有甘油三酯及蜡等),复合...
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什么是农业中毒
农业、林业、牧业、渔业与养殖业生产过程中,接触有毒化学物质引起的中毒。农业从业人员接触各种有毒化学物质的机会较多,因此容易中毒。中毒有急、慢性,严重的中毒可导致死亡。有些毒物还可以引起肿瘤或子代畸形。在生产过程中,加强安全防护措施,能够有效地防止农业...
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什么是腧穴
脏腑、经络气血输注出入的特殊部位,是针灸、推拿等疗法的主要施术部位。腧穴,又称孔穴、穴位。腧,通输、俞,输有转输的含义,俞有气血留存的含义,穴有孔隙的含义。由于输穴名称多使用在特定穴中的五输穴中,俞穴名称多使用在特定穴中的背俞穴中,所以对穴位进行总称呼时使...
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什么是手部损伤
手具有复杂、精细、灵巧的功能,人们用手从事劳动。手在劳动中与外界接触频繁,易受损伤。手部创伤占工业创伤的1/3强。据中国的一些统计数字,手部创伤占全部创伤1/4强,占四肢创伤的1/3强。手部创伤的种类可按性质分为六类。刺伤由于针、钉、刀尖或木屑等刺入手部而...