什麼是1964年民權法
綜合性的美國法律,目的為在公共場所消滅種族、膚色、宗教或國籍方面的歧視,常被視為美國重建時期(1865~1877)以來最重要的民權立法。「民權法」第一篇保障平等的選舉權;第二篇禁止在州際貿易中的公共場所有任何歧視行為;第七篇禁止在工會、學校或從事州際貿易或與聯邦政府進行交易的僱主推行歧視(包括性別歧視);第四篇要求廢除公立學校的種族隔離政策;第六篇保證在根據聯邦資助計畫進行的資金分配沒有歧視。在1972年的修正案(即「僱用機會均等法」)中,擴大了第七篇的範圍到州和地方政府的僱員,並增加僱用機會均等委員會的權力,它是在1964年創設,以落實第七篇條款。1963年甘乃迪總統批准這項法案,並在詹森總統任內加強和通過成為法律。參閲Civil Rights Movement。
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Comprehensive U.S. law intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It is generally considered the most important U.S. law on civil rights since Reconstruction (1865-77). It guarantees equal voting rights (Title I); prohibits segregation or discrimination in places of public accommodation (Title II); bans discrimination, including sex-based discrimination, by trade unions, schools, or employers that are involved in interstate commerce or do business with the federal government (Title VII); calls for the desegregation of public schools (Title IV); and assures nondiscrimination in the distribution of funds under federally assisted programs (Title VI). A 1972 amendment, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, extended Title VII coverage to employees of state and local governments and increased the authority of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which was created in 1964 to enforce Title VII provisions. The act was proposed by Pres. John F. Kennedy in 1963 and strengthened and passed into law under Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson. See also civil-rights movement.
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什麼是時行感冒
感受時行病毒所引起的急性呼吸道傳染性疾病。西醫學稱為流行性感冒。全身症狀明顯,臨牀以突然惡寒、發熱、頭痛、全身痠痛為主要特徵。一年四季均可發生,冬春兩季較為多見。起病急驟,傳播迅速,傳染性強,常可引起大流行。時行感冒的病因多與氣候突變、寒温失常有關,如...
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什麼是石膏
常用清熱瀉火藥。始載於《神農本草經》。別名細理石、寒水石、軟石膏。為硫酸鹽類礦物硬石膏族石膏。石膏有軟、硬石膏兩種,中醫中的石膏為軟石膏。產地和性狀石膏多產於海灣鹽湖和內陸湖泊形成的沉積巖中,常與石灰巖、黏土、巖鹽伴生。中國的主產地是湖北、安徽...
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什麼是捏積
以手捏拿患者背部脊中線的推拿方法。又稱捏脊。多用於治療小兒疳積等病證。晉代葛洪《肘後方·治卒腹痛方》載“拈取其脊骨皮,深取痛引之,從龜尾至頂乃止,未愈更為之。”此是捏脊療法的最早文字記載。此法在歷代推拿著作中記述不多,但因其方法簡便,效果顯著,在民間廣...
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什麼是輸液
將用於治療、搶救和營養的液體輸入體內的醫療措施。輸入途徑有靜脈滴入和皮下滴入。靜脈滴入包括靜脈注射點滴、靜脈切開點滴和靜脈穿刺置入並保留導管點滴。靜脈注射點滴的常用部位是肘部和腕部靜脈和踝部大隱靜脈,小兒常用頭皮靜脈及手或足背淺靜脈。靜脈切開...