什麼是丹麥

正式名稱丹麥王國（Kingdom of Denmark）

丹麥語作Danmark

歐洲中北部立憲君主國。面積16,639平方哩（43,094平方公里）。領土包括格陵蘭（Greenland）和法羅羣島（Faeroe Islands），它們是自治領地。人口約5,358,000（2001）。首都︰哥本哈根。人口中大多數是北歐人（Nordic）。語言︰丹麥語（Danish，官方語）。宗教：福音路德宗（Evangelical Lutheranism，國教）。貨幣︰丹麥克朗（Danish krone; Dkr）。丹麥位於北海（North sea）和波羅的海（Baltic sea）之間，日德蘭（Jutland）半島佔全國面積最大部分。此外，還包括東邊的一個島羣。兩個最大島嶼為西蘭島（Sj?lland）和菲英島（Fyn），共佔全國陸地總面積的1/4。海岸線長達4,500哩（7,300公里）。氣候温和潮濕。丹麥為混合型經濟，以服務業和製造業為主，並誇稱擁有世界最古老和最大的社會福利制度之一。生活水準排在世界最高列。政府形式為君主立憲議會制國家，一院制。國家元首是丹麥國王，政府首腦為首相。

早在西元前10萬年即有人類在此活動。約在西元6世紀時，條頓族（Teutons）的一支丹麥人（Danes）定居此地。在維京人（Viking）時期，丹麥人擴張其領土。到11世紀時，統一的丹麥王國的領土包括現在的德國、瑞典、英格蘭和挪威。1397丹麥統治了斯堪的那維亞地區，直到1523年瑞典獨立。17世紀為爭奪波羅的海霸權，丹麥與瑞典發動許多次消耗國力的戰爭，因作戰多次失利，最後簽訂「哥本哈根和約」（Treaty of Copenhagen, 1660），畫定了現代斯堪的那維亞疆界。19～20世紀，丹麥取得和失去一些領土，包括挪威。1849～1915年通過三部憲法，1940～1945為納粹德國佔領。北大西洋公約組織（NATO, 1949）的發起國之一。1953年通過新憲法。1973年成為歐洲經濟共同體（今歐洲聯盟〔European Union〕）成員。1990年代期間變更其會員資格。1997年一條連接西蘭島（哥本哈根位於該島）和中部島嶼菲英島的鐵路隧道和橋樑建成，結束了一百多年來的渡輪服務，縮短跨越的時間在十分鐘以下。

Denmark

DanishDanmarkConstitutional monarchy, northern central Europe. Area: 16,639 sq mi (43,094 sq km). Its territory includes Greenland and the Faeroe Islands, which are self-governing dependencies. Population (1997 est.): 5,284,000. Capital: Copenhagen. The majority of the population is Nordic. Language: Danish (official). Religion: Evangelical Lutheranism (official). Currency: Danish krone. Lying between the North and Baltic seas, it occupies the Jutland peninsula and an archipelago to its east. The two largest islands, Sjaelland and Fyn, together make up more than one-fourth of the country's total land area. With a 4,500-mi (7,300-km) coastline, the climate is generally temperate and often wet. Denmark has a mixed economy based on services and manufacturing and boasts one of the world's oldest and largest social-welfare systems. Its standard of living is among the highest in the world. Its chief of state is the Danish monarch, while the head of government is the prime minister. Inhabited from 100,000 BC, it was settled by Danes, a Scandinavian branch of the Teutons, c. 6th century AD. During the Viking period the Danes expanded their territory, and by the 11th century the united Danish kingdom included parts of what are now Germany, Sweden, England, and Norway. Scandinavia was united under Danish rule from 1397 until 1523, when Sweden became independent; a series of debilitating wars with Sweden in the 17th century resulted in the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660), which established the modern Scandinavian frontiers. Denmark gained and lost various other territories, including Norway, in the 19th and 20th century; it went through three constitutions between 1849 and 1915 and was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940-45. A founding member of NATO (1949), Denmark adopted its current constitution in 1953. It became a member of the European Union in 1973, and modified its membership during the 1990s. The island of Zealand, on which Copenhagen stands, was connected to the central island of Funen by a rail tunnel and bridge in 1997. This ended more than 100 years of ferry service and cut the crossing time to under 10 minutes.