什麼是聖經翻譯
翻譯《聖經》的藝術及實務。《舊約》原以希伯來文寫成,有些分散的段落為阿拉米文字。最初全文被譯為阿拉米文字,然後在西元3世紀被譯為希臘文(「七十子希臘文本聖經」)。希伯來學者從阿拉米文「塔古姆」創造出權威的馬所拉本(Masoretic text, 6~10世紀),原本的希伯來卷軸已經亡佚。《新約》原為希臘文或阿拉米文。基督教徒把《舊約》和《新約》譯為科普特文、衣索比亞文、哥德文、拉丁文。聖哲羅姆的通俗拉丁文本《聖經》(405)是千年以來標準的基督教翻譯。15~16世紀的新知產生新的翻譯。馬丁.路德把整部《聖經》譯為德文(1522~1534)。第一部完整的英譯本《聖經》(歸功於威克利夫)出現於1382年,不過卻是詹姆斯國王的版本(1611)成為三百年以上的標準。到20世紀晚期,整部《聖經》已被譯為兩百五十種語文,部分翻譯者超過一千三百種。
biblical translation
Art and practice of translating the Bible. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, with scattered passages of Aramaic. It was first translated in its entirety into Aramaic and then, in the 3rd century AD, into Greek (the Septuagint). Hebrew scholars created the authoritative Masoretic text (6th-10th century) from Aramaic Targums, the original Hebrew scrolls having been lost. The New Testament was originally in Greek or Aramaic. Christians translated both Testaments into Coptic, Ethiopian, Gothic, and Latin. St. Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405) was the standard Christian translation for 1,000 years. New learning in the 15th-16th century generated new translations. Martin Luther translated the entire Bible into German (1522-34). The first complete English translation, credited to John Wycliffe, appeared in 1382, but it was the King James version (1611) that became the standard for more than three centuries. By the late 20th century the entire Bible had been translated into 250 languages and portions of it into more than 1,300.
-
什麼是巖松鼠骨
概況基源:為松鼠科巖松鼠屬動物巖松鼠的骨骼。原動物巖松鼠SciuntamiasdavidianusPallas,又名掃毛子、石老鼠(《中國藥用動物志》)。形態:外形似松鼠,體長約190~250mm,體重可達350g。臉部有頰囊,眼大,眼眶周圍有一黃白色環,耳上無簇毛。後肢較前肢長。尾長超過體長的一...
-
什麼是鹼花
概況異名:浦多(藏文譯名)。基源:鹼花為碳酸鹽類礦物。原礦物:鹼花一般指鹹水湖邊一種分枝狀結晶的天然鹼。歷史:鹼花載入藏族的《月王藥珍》、《四部藥典》,蒙古族的《認藥白晶》亦有記載。《中國藥典1977年版》(一部)。後來《藏藥標準》1978年版有收載。鹼花是藏醫...
-
什麼是虎筋
概況基源:為貓科豹屬動物虎的腳筋。原動物:虎PantheratigrisL.餘項參見“虎骨”條。藥性主治:風濕性關節炎。用法用量:燉雞食。臨牀應用食療:《泉州本草》:“治風濕性關節炎:虎筋,燉雞食。”...
-
什麼是慄花
概況基源:為殼鬥科慄屬植物板栗的花。原植物:板栗Castane9mollissimaBlume餘項參見“栗子”條。化學性質含精氨酸(Arginine)。參考文獻中國藥用植物誌.第2冊.科學出版社,1951:63。...