什么是沙特
Sartre, Jean-Paul
法国哲学家、小说家和戏剧作家,也是存在主义的先驱。他曾在索邦大学学习,并在那里遇见了他的终生伴侣和学术上的合作者波娃。第一本小说《恶心》(1938)表达了一个年轻人在遇到存在的问题时表现出的反感。《在密室里》(1944,不存在)成为了他的几部戏剧中最受欢迎的一部。在《存在与虚无》(1943)中,他将人类的意识或空洞摆在了存在或物质的对立面上。意识是非物质的,因此可以逃脱所有先在决定的控制。他在其论文《存在主义和人道主义》(1946)中形成了战後存在主义的原型。他还对胡塞尔的现象学进行了研究,并在应用在《想像力》(1936)、《情绪理论大纲》(1939)和《想像力的现象心理学》(1940)等书中。他後来还在《辩证理性批判》(1960)中研究了马克思主义。他晚年的作品包括一部自传《话语》和伟大的巨着《福楼拜》(4卷,1971~1972)。他是法国左翼党的一名中心成员,反对越战并支援1968年的革命。1964年拒绝接受诺贝尔文学奖。
1905~1980年
Sartre, Jean-Paul
French philosopher, novelist, and playwright, the foremost exponent of existentialism. He studied at the Sorbonne, where he met Simone de Beauvoir, his lifelong companion and intellectual collaborator. His first novel, Nausea (1938), narrates the feeling of revulsion that a young man undergoes when confronted with the contingency of existence. Huis-clos (1944, No Exit) became the most widely celebrated of his several plays. In Being and Nothingness (1943) he places human consciousness, or nothingness (néant), in opposition to being, or thingness (être); consciousness is nonmatter and thus escapes all determinism. With his treatise Existentialism and Humanism (1946), these works formed the foundations of postwar existentialism. He learned the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and used it in Imagination (1936), Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions (1939), and The Psychology of Imagination (1940), and he later examined Marxism in Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960). His final works included an autobiography, The Words (1963), and the huge study Flaubert (4 vols., 1971-72). A central figure of the French left, he opposed the Vietnam War and supported the 1968 revolutionaries. He declined the 1964 Nobel Prize for Literature.
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乌衣子弟是什么意思?
意思是:指出身贵族的年轻人。成语名字:乌衣子弟成语发音:wūyīzǐdì成语解释:指出身贵族的年轻人。成语出处:清·孔尚任《桃花扇·拒媒》:“水阁含春,便有那乌衣子弟伴红裙。”成语繁体:烏衣子弟感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作主语、宾语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:偏正式...
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以佚待劳是什么意思?
意思是:见“以逸待劳”。成语名字:以佚待劳成语发音:yǐyìdàiláo成语解释:见“以逸待劳”。成语出处:《孙子·军争》:“以近待远,以佚待劳,以饱待饥,此治力者也。”成语繁体:以佚待勞感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:古代成...
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韫椟而藏是什么意思?
意思是:把玉裹在匣子里藏起来。比喻怀才隐退。成语名字:韫椟而藏成语发音:yùndúércáng成语解释:把玉裹在匣子里藏起来。比喻怀才隐退。成语出处:明冯梦龙《东周列国志》第58回:“两位将军,有些神箭,当奏闻吾王,美玉不可韫椟而藏。”成语繁体:韞櫝而藏感情色彩:中性成...
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捧心西子是什么意思?
意思是:西子:春秋时越国美女西施。西子因心痛而捧心皱眉,仍然显得很漂亮。形容美女娇弱之态。成语名字:捧心西子成语发音:pěngxīnxīzǐ成语解释:西子:春秋时越国美女西施。西子因心痛而捧心皱眉,仍然显得很漂亮。形容美女娇弱之态。成语出处:战国·宋·庄周《庄子·...