什么是自然主义谬误
视“善”(或任何相等的词语)彷佛它是自然属性的名称的谬误。1903年,摩尔在他的《伦理学原理》(Principia Ethica)一书中提出他的“问题待解的论证”(open-question argument),对抗他所谓的自然主义谬误,其目的在於证明,“善”是个简单的、无可分析的性质名称,它无法以世界上某些自然的性质加以界定,无论它是弥尔所言的“使人感到快乐”,或斯宾塞所言的“高度发展”。因为摩尔的论证应用在任何以其他事物来界定善的尝试,包括超自然者,如“上帝所愿”,因此“自然主义谬误”一词并不贴切。问题待解的论证使得任何对善提出的定义都陷入疑难。(举例来说,“善的意思是使人感到快乐”就变成“是否每一件使人感到快乐的事就是善?”)摩尔的要点是,如果问题是有意义的,则提议的定义就是不正确的,因为如果定义是正确的,则问题将是没有意义。
naturalistic fallacy
Fallacy of treating the term "good" (or any equivalent term) as if it were the name of a natural property. In 1903 G. E. Moore presented in Principia Ethica his "open-question argument" against what he called the naturalistic fallacy, with the aim of proving that "good" is the name of a simple, unanalyzable quality, incapable of being defined in terms of some natural quality of the world, whether it be "pleasurable" (John Stuart Mill) or "highly evolved" (Herbert Spencer). Since Moore's argument applied to any attempt to define good in terms of something else, including something supernatural such as "what God wills," the term "naturalistic fallacy" is not apt. The open-question argument turns any proposed definition of good into a question (e.g., "Good means pleasurable" becomes "Is everything pleasurable good?")-Moore's point being that if the question is meaningful, the proposed definition cannot be correct, since if it were, the question of would be meaningless.
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标新立异是什么意思?
意思是:标:揭举;立:树立。持不同的态度或看法。提出新奇的见解和主张;表示与一般不同。成语名字:标新立异成语发音:biāoxīnlìyì成语解释:标:揭举;立:树立。持不同的态度或看法。提出新奇的见解和主张;表示与一般不同。成语出处:南朝宋刘义庆《世说新语文学》:“支道林在...
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颐指如意是什么意思?
意思是:颐指:以下巴动向示意。形容随心所欲地指挥别人成语名字:颐指如意成语发音:yízhǐrúyì成语解释:颐指:以下巴动向示意。形容随心所欲地指挥别人成语出处:东汉·班固《汉书·贾谊传》:“今陛下力制天下,颐指如意。”成语繁体:頤指如意感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作...
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抽筋剥皮是什么意思?
意思是:形容剥削压迫非常残酷成语名字:抽筋剥皮成语发音:chōujīnbāopí成语解释:形容剥削压迫非常残酷成语出处:清刘鹗《老残游记续集遗稿》第二回:“可知那州县老爷们比娼妓还要下贱!遇见驯良百姓,他治死了还要抽筋剥皮,锉骨扬灰。”常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成...
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缘悭一面是什么意思?
意思是:悭:欠缺。缺乏缘份,没有和对方会面一次的机会成语名字:缘悭一面成语发音:yuánqiānyīmiàn成语解释:悭:欠缺。缺乏缘份,没有和对方会面一次的机会成语出处:郭沫若《鬼苗的检阅》:“我和茅盾先生虽相识,和我们的鲁迅先生竟缘悭一面。”成语繁体:緣慳一靣感情色彩:中...