什么是丁托列托
Tintoretto,原名Jacopo Robusti。
义大利威尼斯派画家。其父为丝绸染匠;因此得到“丁托列托”(意即小染匠)的绰号。早年受到米开朗基罗和提香的影响。在作品《基督与淫妇》(1545?)中,以奇异多变的透视法把人物置放在巨大的空间里,表现出特殊的矫饰主义。1548年因作品《圣马可拯救奴隶》而吸引了威尼斯文艺界的目光,这幅後米开朗基罗罗马艺术作品的结构成分是如此地丰富,而让人惊叹的是他从未到过罗马。到了1555年,因其作品具有轻快流畅的手法、大量活泼的色彩、偏好富於变化的透视画法和动态的空间概念,使他成为艺术界名画家和後起之秀。其受委制的最重要工作是装饰威尼斯的斯库奥拉.迪圣罗科(1564~1588)的工作,展现其热情的风格和深厚的宗教信仰。他的技术和想像完全源自个人,并不断地发展。现代艺术史学家公认他是风格主义最伟大的代表,按照威尼斯伟大的传统来诠释作品。
1518年~1594年
Tintoretto
Italian painter active in Venice. His father was a silk dyer (tintore); hence the nickname Tintoretto (“Little Dyer”). His early influences include Michelangelo and Titian. In Christ and the Adulteress (c. 1545) figures are set in vast spaces in fanciful perspectives, in distinctly Mannerist style. In 1548 he became the center of attention of artists and literary men in Venice with his St. Mark Freeing the Slave, so rich in structural elements of post-Michelangelo Roman art that it is surprising to learn that he had never visited Rome. By 1555 he was a famous and sought-after painter, with a style marked by quickness of execution, great vivacity of color, a predilection for variegated perspective, and a dynamic conception of space. In his most important undertaking, the decoration of Venice's Scuola Grande di San Rocco (1564-88), he exhibited his passionate style and profound religious faith. His technique and vision were wholly personal and constantly evolving. Historians of modern art recognize him as the greatest representative of Mannerism, interpreted in accordance with the great tradition of Venice.
-
什么是预压法
对软土地基预先加压,使大部分沉降在预压过程中完成,相应地提高了地基强度。预压法适用于淤泥质粘土、淤泥与人工冲填土等软弱地基。预压的方法有堆载预压和真空预压两种。堆载预压在地基上堆放重物(水、土、砂、石等)进行预压。当堆载超过计划建造的建筑物荷载时...
-
什么是竹编
以竹子为原料的编织工艺品。沿革新石器时代,中国已有竹编的篮、筐等,用以贮存食物。1958年,在浙江吴兴县钱山漾村新石器时期遗址(约公元前2750)出土了200多件竹编,其中大部分篾条经过刮磨加工。湖南长沙、湖北江陵、河南信阳等地出土的战国时期的竹编有席、帘、笥(箱...
-
什么是蓄电池电动车辆
以蓄电池为动力的电动车辆。简称蓄电池车。单能源蓄电池车早在19世纪末已非常流行。20世纪随着汽车性能的改善,蓄电池车逐渐为汽车所排挤。70年代后,由于电子、电机、蓄电池等技术的发展,以及蓄电池车的污染很小,不依靠石油能源,可充分利用深夜的剩余电力和操作方便...
-
什么是废水生物处理法
利用微生物的代谢作用除去废水中有机污染物的一种方法,亦称废水生物化学处理法,简称废水生化法,分需氧生物处理法和厌氧生物处理法两种。需氧生物处理法利用需氧微生物在有氧条件下将废水中复杂的有机物分解的方法。生活污水中的典型有机物是碳水化合物、合成洗涤...