什麼是抑鬱症
一種神經性或精神性疾病,主要症狀是悲傷、沒有活力、有思維和注意力障礙、食慾大增或大減、嗜睡、感覺沮喪和沒有希望,有時伴有自殺傾向。抑鬱症可能是最常見的精神病,人類對此病的認識最早可追溯到希波克拉提斯(Hippocrates)的時代,他稱之為「憂鬱症」(melancholia)。患者的症狀因人而異,病程可長可短,可輕可重,可急可緩。女性得病的機率較男性為高,男性的發病率隨年齡的增長而增高,女性患病的顛峯期在35~45歲。病因可能包括心理(如失去摯愛的人)和生化機能方面(主要是正腎上腺素〔norepinephrine〕和血清素〔serotonin〕等單胺(monoamine)化合物的量減少)。治療方法通常結合心理治療(和藥物治療(參閲antidepressant)。一個人如果交替出現過度高昂或低落的情緒,則是罹患了躁鬱症。
depression
Neurotic or psychotic disorder marked by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies. Probably the most common psychiatric complaint, depression has been described by physicians from at least the time of Hippocrates, who called it melancholia. Its course is extremely variable from person to person; it may be fleeting or permanent, mild or severe. Depression is more common in women than in men. The rates of incidence increase with age in men, while the peak for women is between the ages of 35 and 45. Its causes can be both psychosocial (e.g., the loss of a loved one) and biochemical (chiefly, reduced quantities of the monoamines norepinephrine and serotonin). Treatment is usually a combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy (see antidepressant). A person who experiences alternating states of depression and extreme elation is said to suffer from bipolar disorder.
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什麼是電子計算機X射線斷層成像
一種醫學影像診斷技術。用X射線對人體投射,經檢測器測定透射後的放射量,通過電子計算機處理,重建出人體斷層圖像,並作出診斷。簡史1895年倫琴發現X射線後,X射線立即被應用於臨牀診斷。為了克服影像重疊的缺點,從1914年起,先後有人採用X射線管與膠片作同步反向運動的方...
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什麼是石膏
常用清熱瀉火藥。始載於《神農本草經》。別名細理石、寒水石、軟石膏。為硫酸鹽類礦物硬石膏族石膏。石膏有軟、硬石膏兩種,中醫中的石膏為軟石膏。產地和性狀石膏多產於海灣鹽湖和內陸湖泊形成的沉積巖中,常與石灰巖、黏土、巖鹽伴生。中國的主產地是湖北、安徽...
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什麼是皮內針
用於淺刺埋針的小型針具。因針僅刺入皮內,故名。按其形狀可分為顆粒式、環式、撳釘式三種:(1)顆粒式。形似毫針,長7毫米或9毫米,針尾為金屬顆粒,常用直徑為0.22毫米或0.26毫米的金、銀或不鏽鋼絲製成。(2)環式。針尾呈環狀,長7毫米或9毫米,常用直徑0.26毫米的不鏽鋼絲製成...
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什麼是熟地黃
常用補血藥。別名熟地。始載於《本草圖經》。為玄蔘科多年生草本植物地黃Rehmanniaglutinosa根經加黃酒拌蒸至內外色黑而油潤,或直接蒸至黑潤而成(圖1)。因其色黃,質量下沉,蒸熟曬乾入藥,故名。產地和性狀中國大部地區均有生產,主產於河南孟縣、温縣、武陟、博愛等...