什麼是居維葉
Cuvier, Georges (-Léopold-Chrétien-Frédéric-Dagobert)
受封為Baron Cuvier
居維葉,法國動物學家、政治家,建立了比較解剖學和古生物學。任職於巴黎自然歷史博物館。在他出版的《按結構分類的動物界》(1917)中,陳述了他的「器官相伴」(correlation of parts)理論,認為動物每個器官的解剖構造,與其自身其他器官在功能上是互相聯繫的,而各器官的功能與構造上的特點,則是與環境交互影響的結果。他根據各種動物的解剖特徵,把動物分成四大類(脊椎動物、軟體動物、節肢動物和輻射動物),是對林奈分類系統的一大改進。他把自己的學説應用於化石研究,認為陸地隆起、洪水氾濫等鉅變,是物種生成和毀滅的主要因素。雖然他的災變説後來無人相信,但他在堅實的經驗基礎上建立了古生物學。他曾擔任拿破崙的公共教育督察員,協助籌建法國的省立大學,他也是巴黎大學的榮譽校長。
1769~1832年
Cuvier, Georges (-Léopold-Chrétien-Frédéric-Dagobert)
French zoologist and statesman who established the sciences of comparative anatomy and paleontology. As a staff member at the Museum of Natural History in Paris, he published Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation (1817; “The Animal Kingdom, Distributed According to Its Organization”) that described his “correlation of parts” theory, in which every animal organ is functionally related to all its other organs and that an animal's functions and habits determine its anatomic form. Cuvier's classification of all animals into four completely discrete groups was a significant advance over the system of Carolus Linnaeus. He applied his functional concept to the study of fossils, postulating that huge land upheavals and floods were the principal factor in the creation and destruction of species. Though the theory did not last, Cuvier's work put paleontology on a firm empirical foundation. As Napoleon's inspector of public instruction, he helped establish France's provincial universities, and he also served as chancellor of the University of Paris.
-
識塗老馬是什麼意思?
意思是:見“識途老馬”。成語名字:識塗老馬成語發音:shítúlǎomǎ成語解釋:見“識途老馬”。成語出處:清·錢謙益《夜過磨盤嶺》詩:“攫食飢烏心未飽,識塗老馬足堪捫。”成語繁體:識塗老馬感情色彩:中性成語成語用法:作主語、賓語;指有經驗的人成語結構:偏正式成語產生年...
-
懸車之歲是什麼意思?
意思是:見“懸車之年”。成語名字:懸車之歲成語發音:xuánchēzhīsuì成語解釋:見“懸車之年”。成語出處:清·樑章鉅《歸田瑣記·七十致仕》:“若今日未及四十,早入仕途,則致仕之期,即不必以七十為限……故餘兩次引歸,皆未及懸車之歲。”成語繁體:懸車之歲感情色彩:中性...
-
僕僕道途是什麼意思?
意思是:奔走於道路。形容途中勞頓。成語名字:僕僕道途成語發音:púpúdàotú成語解釋:奔走於道路。形容途中勞頓。成語出處:清·嚴如熤《三省邊防備覽·策略》:“如客店必照例造報月一陳核,則僕僕道途,不勝其苦矣。”成語繁體:僕僕道途感情色彩:中性成語成語用法:作謂語;...
-
嚴家餓隸是什麼意思?
意思是:形容拘謹的書法風格。語出《晉書·王羲之傳論》:“獻之雖有父風,殊非新巧。觀其字勢,疏瘦如隆冬之枯樹;覽其筆蹤,拘束若嚴家之餓隸。”成語名字:嚴家餓隸成語發音:yánjiāèlì成語解釋:形容拘謹的書法風格。語出《晉書·王羲之傳論》:“獻之雖有父風,殊非新巧。...