什么是基督教国外传教事业
指有组织的宣传基督教教义的运动。使徒圣保罗把福音传到小亚细亚和希腊很多地方,这种新兴宗教迅速沿着罗马帝国的商道传播开来。西元500年後基督教推进的步伐随着罗马帝国的瓦解和7~8世纪的阿拉伯人力量的增强而放慢,但塞尔特和英格兰传教士继续在西欧和北欧传播信仰,同时君士坦丁堡的希腊教会的传教士在东欧和俄国发展。对伊斯兰地区和东方诸国的传教事业始於中世纪,并且当16世纪西班牙、葡萄牙和法国建立起海外帝国时,罗马天主教会将传教士派到美洲和菲律宾群岛去。19世纪天主教传教士活动再次集中在非洲和亚洲。在国外传教事业上新教稍微迟了一些,但在19世纪和20世纪初新教传教活动达於顶点。传教工作今天仍在继续,虽然它经常被已经获得独立的前欧洲殖民地的政府所阻挠。
mission
Organized effort to spread the Christian faith. St. Paul evangelized much of Asia Minor and Greece, and the new religion spread rapidly along the trade routes of the Roman empire. The advance of Christianity slowed with the disintegration of the Roman empire after 500 and the growth of Arab power in the 7th-8th century, but Celtic and British missionaries continued to spread the faith in western and northern Europe, while missionaries of the Greek church in Constantinople worked in eastern Europe and Russia. Missions to Islamic areas and the Orient began in the medieval period, and when Spain, Portugal, and France established overseas empires in the 16th century, the Roman Catholic church sent missionaries to the Americas and the Philippines. A renewed wave of Roman Catholic missionary work in the 19th century focused on Africa and Asia. Protestant churches were slower to undertake foreign missions, but in the 19th and early 20th century there was a great upsurge in Protestant missionary activity. Missionary work continues today, though it is often discouraged by the governments of former European colonies that have won independence.
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什么是止泻药
控制腹泻的药物。腹泻虽是临床上常见的症状,但也有利于清除肠道的刺激性物质和毒性物质,因此治疗腹泻应以针对病因为主,不宜单纯依赖止泻药。止泻药适用于剧烈腹泻或长期慢性腹泻,以防止机体过度脱水、水盐代谢失调、消化及营养障碍。种类一般分为四类。(1)阿片(鸦片)...
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什么是免疫球蛋白
一组具有特殊的化学结构和免疫功能的球蛋白,存在于体液内和淋巴细胞表面,是抗体的物质基础。按结构和功能的不同分为五大类:IgG,IgM,IgA,IgD和IgE。其分子大小、电荷、氨基酸组成和碳水化合物含量很不均一。当患变态反应性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、各种感染以及多发性...
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什么是细胞因子
机体各种细胞产生的小分子多肽类物质,具有调节正常生理功能、维持自身稳定的作用。它们与内分泌系统产生的激素不同,一般只在短距离内发挥效应。从广义来说,全身各系统细胞产生的多肽类分子都可称之为细胞因子,但目前一般多把免疫细胞和相关细胞(如成纤维细胞、内皮...
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什么是捏积
以手捏拿患者背部脊中线的推拿方法。又称捏脊。多用于治疗小儿疳积等病证。晋代葛洪《肘后方·治卒腹痛方》载“拈取其脊骨皮,深取痛引之,从龟尾至顶乃止,未愈更为之。”此是捏脊疗法的最早文字记载。此法在历代推拿著作中记述不多,但因其方法简便,效果显著,在民间广...