什么是基督教
西元1世纪由巴勒斯坦的拿撒勒人耶稣基督创立的宗教。此宗教的圣典是《圣经》,特别是《新约圣经》。其主要教义是:耶稣是上帝之子(圣三位一体的第二人),上帝对这个世界的爱是耶稣存在的必要因素,耶稣为救赎人类而死。基督教原本是犹太人的一种运动,他们接受耶稣是弥赛亚,但此运动很快变为非犹太人的信仰。早期教会是由圣保罗和其他早期基督教传教士、神学家建立的;在罗马帝国时期受迫害,但君士坦丁一世支持它,成为第一个信奉基督教的皇帝。耶稣死後两千年,基督教已分裂为许多支派,并继续分枝下去。几个大的分支包括:天主教、东正教和新教。几乎所有的基督教教会都有按立的神职人员,这些人通常是(但不全是)男性。神职人员带领集体作崇拜仪式,并在某些教会被视为俗人阶级和神之间的沟通媒介。大多数基督教教会执行两种圣礼仪式:洗礼和圣餐。现在全世界约有将近二十亿基督教教徒,分布於各大洲。
Christianity
Religion stemming from the teachings of Jesus in the 1st century AD. Its sacred scripture is the Bible, particularly the New Testament. Its principal tenets are that Jesus is the son of God (the second person of the Holy Trinity), that God's love for the world is the essential component of his being, and that Jesus died to redeem humankind. Christianity was originally a movement of Jews who accepted Jesus as the messiah, but the movement quickly became predominantly gentile. The early church was shaped by St. Paul and other early Christian missionaries and theologians; it was persecuted under the Roman empire but supported by Constantine I, the first Christian emperor. During the two millennia since Jesus' death, Christianity has subdivided into numerous churches that continue to proliferate; the major divisions are Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Nearly all Christian churches have an ordained clergy, members of which are typically though not universally male. Members of the clergy lead group worship services and are viewed as intermediaries between the laity and the divine in some churches. Most Christian churches administer two sacraments, baptism and the Lord's Supper. There are now nearly 2 billion adherents of Christianity throughout the world, found on all continents.
-
什么是刘光文(1910~ )
中国现代水文学家、水文教育家。浙江省杭州人,1910年7月30日诞生。1933年清华大学毕业。1935年留学美国艾奥瓦州立大学,获水利工程科学硕士学位。后赴德国柏林工业学院从事研究。回国后历任广西大学、重庆大学、交通大学、复旦大学和华东水利学院教授。刘光文195...
-
什么是全骨鱼类(化石)
在进化阶段上介于软骨硬鳞类和真骨鱼类之间的辐鳍鱼类,在分类学上作为辐鳍鱼亚纲的一个次纲,从晚二叠世开始出现,侏罗纪最繁盛,从白垩纪开始大为衰退,生存至今的仅有雀鳝(Lepisosteus)和弓鳍鱼(Amia)。前者生活在北美、中美及古巴淡水中;后者生活在北美各大湖及河流...
-
什么是帕拉马里博
苏里南首都,全国最大港市。位于苏里南河下游西岸,距河口15公里。面积17平方公里。人口6.8万(1980)。海拔3.6米,气候炎热多雨,年平均气温27.3℃,年平均降水量2300毫米。原为印第安人渔村。1630年英国建立殖民据点,1651年成为首府。1667年为荷兰侵占。1816~1975年为荷属...
-
什么是蛇岛蝮
蛇目蝰科蝮亚科蝮属的1种。仅见于中国辽宁省的蛇岛。估计现存2万条。全长可达800毫米(见图)。体型粗壮,头略呈三角形,有颊窝,眼后斜向口角有一细窄的黑褐色眉纹,其下缘镶有一极细的灰白色线纹;躯尾背面灰褐色,有一列暗褐色的“X“形斑。躯干中段背鳞23行,腹鳞150~164,尾下...