什么是俄罗斯正教会
俄国东正教教会,实际上是它的国教。988年基辅的弗拉基米尔王子(後来的弗拉基米尔一世)支持拜占庭东正教,命令他的国民进行洗礼。到14世纪,基辅和所有俄国(俄罗斯教会的总部)的大城市都属於莫斯科;不满意的西部俄国公国获得了暂时的单独的大城市,但主权後来重新集於莫斯科下。15世纪该教会放弃接受大城市伊西多尔和西部教会的联合(参阅Ferrara-Florence, Council of),指定了它们自己独立的大城市。莫斯科视自己为“第三个罗马”和真正东正教的最後壁垒;1589年俄罗斯教会的领导者获得族长的称号,将自己置於君士坦丁堡、亚历山大、安提俄克和耶路撒冷族长的地位。尼康的改革在教会里引起了分裂(参阅Old Believer),彼得大帝(彼得一世)在1721年废除了族长统治,使教会管理成为国家的一个部门。族长统治重建於1917年,即布尔什维克革命的两个月前,但在苏维埃下,教会被剥夺了合法权利,实际上被镇压。随着苏联的分解(1991),它经历了巨大的复兴。美国的俄罗斯正教会在1970年从莫斯科独立出来。
Russian Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox church of Russia, its de facto national church. In 988 Prince Vladimir of Kiev (later St. Vladimir) embraced Byzantine Orthodoxy and ordered the baptism of his population. By the 14th century, the metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia (head of the Russian church) was residing in Moscow; dissatisfied western Russian principalities obtained temporary separate metropolitans, but authority was later recentralized under Moscow. In the 15th century the church, rejecting Metropolitan Isidore's acceptance of union with the Western church (see Council of Ferrara-Florence), appointed their own independent metropolitan. Moscow saw itself as the “third Rome” and the last bulwark of true Orthodoxy; in 1589 the head of the Russian church obtained the title patriarch, putting him on a level with the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The reforms of Nikon caused a schism within the church (see Old Believers), and Peter I abolished the patriarchate in 1721, making church administration a department of the state. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, two months before the Bolshevik revolution, but under the soviets the church was deprived of its legal rights and practically suppressed. It saw a great resurgence following the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991). The Russian Orthodox Church in the U.S. became independent from Moscow in 1970.
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风风雨雨是什么意思?
意思是:刮风下雨,比喻重重阻难或议论纷纷成语名字:风风雨雨成语发音:fēngfēngyǔyǔ成语解释:刮风下雨,比喻重重阻难或议论纷纷成语出处:元张可久《普天乐忆鉴湖》曲:“风风雨雨清明,莺莺燕燕关情。”成语繁体:風風雨雨常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语...
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窗含西岭千秋雪的西岭指的是哪里
窗含西岭千秋雪的西岭指得是岷山,岷山是在甘肃境内,是由甘肃省南部延伸至四川省西北部的一褶皱山脉。岷山是长江水系的岷江、涪江、白水河与黄河水系的黑水河的分水岭。山顶终年积雪,千年不化。“西岭”,正是诗人看到窗前初融的冰雪而想起草堂近旁的西岭,想到西岭...
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我国社会主要矛盾的三次变化
1、1842年鸦片战争之后我国社会的主要矛盾是:帝国主义与中华民族之间、封建主义与人民大众之间的矛盾。2、1956年中共八大提出我国社会的主要矛盾是:落后的农业国与先进的工业国之间、人民日益增长的物质文化需要与落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。3、1981年党的十一...
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赤身裸体是什么意思?
意思是:赤:光着。大部分身体或全身裸露。成语名字:赤身裸体成语发音:chìshēnluǒtǐ成语解释:赤:光着。大部分身体或全身裸露。成语出处:明罗贯中《三国演义》第84回:“耀武扬威,辱骂不绝;多有解衣卸甲,赤身裸体,或谁或坐。”成语繁体:赤身躶軆常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中...