什么是无政府主义
政治理论的一种,坚持不需要也不欢迎所有的政权统治形式,鼓吹一种基於志愿合作和个人、群体自由联系的社会。法国作家蒲鲁东(P. J. Proudhon)在所着《什麽是财产?》(What is Property?, 1840)中第一次使用这个词,一般学者公认他就是无政府主义运动的缔造者。无政府主义者巴枯宁(Mikhail Bakunin)在“第一国际”(First International)会上与马克思发生冲突,1872年第一国际解散,巴枯宁的追随者继续控制诸如西班牙、义大利等拉丁国家的工人组织。无政府主义者甚至认为要过渡到无政府的社会需要暴力革命,而不赞同政权自然转移。无政府工团主义(anarcho-syndicalism)形成於1880年代末期,主张把工会当作工人阶级直接行动的基础,以瘫痪经济和国家的大罢工为最高形式。19~20世纪无政府主义也鼓舞了英国新拉纳克(New Lanark)和美国布鲁克农场(Brook Farm)等实验性团体的兴起。1930年代法西斯主义压制了无政府主义。第二次世界大战後,革命式无政府主义丧失其舞台,被那些自由意志主义者和共产主义其他支派所取代。
anarchism
Political theory holding all forms of government authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocating a society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups. The word was used only pejoratively until P.-J. Proudhon, now regarded as the founder of anarchism, adopted it in What is Property? (1840). The anarchist Mikhail Bakunin clashed with Karl Marx at the First International; when it was dissolved in 1872, Bakunin's followers retained control of workers' organizations in Latin countries such as Spain and Italy. Even anarchists who believed that the transition to a government-free society required violent revolution disagreed on the nature of the transition. Anarcho-syndicalism, which grew up in the late 1880s, based its ideology on labor unions (syndicats) rather than the individual, calling for general strikes to paralyze the state. In the 19th and 20th century, anarchism also inspired experimental communities, including New Lanark in Britain and Brook Farm in the U.S. Anarchism was suppressed by fascism in the 1930s, and revolutionary anarchism lost ground after World War II to a host of libertarian and communitarian variations.
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一反常态是什么意思?
意思是:一反:完全相反;整个儿相反;常态:平常的情态。完全和平常的态度相反。形容态度发生了极大的变化。成语名字:一反常态成语发音:yīfǎnchángtài成语解释:一反:完全相反;整个儿相反;常态:平常的情态。完全和平常的态度相反。形容态度发生了极大的变化。成语出处:郭澄...
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轩然霞举是什么意思?
意思是:像云霞高高飘举。形容俊美潇洒。成语名字:轩然霞举成语发音:xuānránxiájǔ成语解释:像云霞高高飘举。形容俊美潇洒。成语出处:南朝·宋·刘义庆《世说新语·容止》:“海西时,诸公每朝,朝堂犹暗;唯令稽王来,轩轩如朝霞举。”成语繁体:軒然霞舉感情色彩:中性成语成...
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洒心更始是什么意思?
意思是:犹言改过自新。成语名字:洒心更始成语发音:sǎxīngèngshǐ成语解释:犹言改过自新。成语出处:汉·王符《潜夫论·述赦》:“谋反大逆不道诸犯,不当得赦皆除之,将与士大夫洒心更始。”成语繁体:灑心更始感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:偏...
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毋翼而飞是什么意思?
意思是:比喻传播之迅速。成语名字:毋翼而飞成语发音:wúyìérfēi成语解释:比喻传播之迅速。成语出处:《战国策·秦策三》:“闻‘三人成虎,十夫揉椎,众口所移,毋翼而飞。’故曰,不如赐军吏而礼之。”成语繁体:毋翼而飛感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语;同“不翼而飞”成语...