什么是法语
属罗曼诸语言,通行於法国、比利时、瑞士、加拿大(主要在魁北克)及其他从前或现在法属国家和地区。是二十五个以上国家的官方语言。使用人口约7,200万。法语书面文献溯源至西元9世纪。法兰西岛方言即巴黎方言是标准法语的基础,从16世纪中叶以来就是官方的标准语,在很大程度上取代了曾通用於法国北部和中部的所谓奥依语的其他地区方言。标准法语也大大缩小了法国南部奥克西坦语的使用范围。但法语若干方言大多只能保存於文化落後的农村地区。语法方面,法语和母语拉丁语相较,变化很多。名词已无变格。阳性和阴性还有区别,但通常不由名词表示。动词变化有三个“人称”和单、复数形式,可是某些形式仍只是在拼写上有区别,发音却完全相同。
French language
Romance language spoken as a first language by about 72 million people in France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada (mainly Quebec), and many other countries and regions formerly governed by France. French is an official language of more than 25 countries. Its earliest written materials date from the 9th century. Numerous regional dialects were eventually pushed aside by Francien, the dialect of Paris, adopted as the standard language in the mid-16th century. This largely replaced the dialects of northern and central France, known as the langue d'o?l (from o?l, the northern word for “yes”), and greatly reduced the use of the Occitan language of southern France, known as langue d'oc (from oc, Occitan for “yes”). Regional dialects survive mostly in uneducated rural speech. French grammar has been greatly simplified from Latin. Nouns do not have cases, and masculine and feminine gender are marked not in the noun but in its article or adjective. The verb is conjugated for three persons and for singular and plural; though spelled differently, several of these forms are pronounced identically.
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什么是孔径测量
对于孔的直径的测量,有直接测量、间接测量和综合测量等测量方法。孔径测量是长度计量技术的主要内容之一。直接测量利用两点或三点定位,直接测量出孔径的方法,也是最常用的孔径测量方法。根据被测孔径的精度等级、尺寸和数量大小,可以采用能测孔径的通用长度测量工...
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什么是阿非利堪人
旧称布尔人(Boer)操阿非利堪斯语,且具荷兰或法国新教徒血统之南非人。阿非利堪人原称布尔人(意为农夫),特别是从开普殖民地(CopeColony)移居特兰斯瓦(Transvaal)及橘自由邦(OrangeFreeState)的早期居民。他们是虔诚的喀尔文教徒(Calvinist),自视为上帝的选民,天命他们来统治这...
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什么是清朝
Qingdynasty,亦拼作Ch'ingdynasty,或称为Manchudynasty。中国最後一个帝制皇朝。西元1636年满族首度以“清”为国号在满洲建立王朝,而後当满洲人统治中国时,继续沿用这个国号。清朝期间,中国的领土大幅扩张,人口也大为提高。文化态度则极为保守,新儒学仍是居於主导地...
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什么是似稳电磁场
交变电流的频率较低时,在电流附近,与之相距比该频率的电磁波在真空中的波长少得多的区域内,可以忽略电磁场的推迟效应,这样的区域中的电磁场即为似稳场或准稳场。根据电磁场理论,变化的磁场要产生电场,变化的电场要产生磁场。前者是电磁感应的作用,后者是位移电流的作...