什么是李鸿章
Li Hongzhang,亦拼作Li Hung-chang。
中国政治家,代表中国在中法战争(1883~1885年)、中日战争(1894~1895年)和义和团事件(发生於1900年)结束之後,进行一连串屈辱的谈判。李鸿章在其生涯早期,即协助镇压太平天国之乱(1850~1864年),以及平定捻乱(约发生於1852~1868年间)。当时,李鸿章接触到西方人(尤其是英格兰人戈登)和西方武器,於是转而深信,中国如果想要维护自己的主权,就需要拥有西方式的军火。1870年,李鸿章被任命为首都所在地的直隶省的总督,他创建了兵工厂、开设军事学校、建立两座现代的海军基地,购买战舰,并从事其他“自强”的措施。李鸿章希望透过现代化来保存传统的中国,然而就在传统的中国之中,他的创新未能获得充份发展,而李鸿章本人也受到他所企图保护之体系的致命伤害。
1823~1901年
Li Hongzhang
Chinese statesman who represented China in the series of humiliating negotiations at the end of the Sino-French War (1883-85), Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), and Boxer Rebellion (1900). Much earlier in his career, Li had helped with the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64) and had put down the Nian Rebellion (c. 1852-68). At that time, he came in contact with Westerners (notably England's Charles George Gordon) and Western weapons and became convinced that China needed Western-style firepower if it wanted to protect its sovereignty. In 1870, when Li was appointed governor-general of the capital province, Zhili, he was able to build arsenals, found a military academy, establish two modern naval bases, purchase warships, and undertake other “self-strengthening” measures. Through modernization he hoped to preserve traditional China, but within traditional China Li's innovations could not develop fully, and he was fatally hampered by the system he was trying to protect.
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