什么是伊朗诸语言
印欧语系家族中印度-伊朗语(Indo-Iranian)分支的主要次族群。伊朗诸语言在西南亚和南亚约有八千万人使用。阿维斯塔语和古波斯语为已知的两种古伊朗诸语言(Old Iranian languages)。中古伊朗诸语言(Middle Iranian languages,约西元前300年至西元950年)目前已知分为西部和东部两个族群。现代伊朗诸语言(Modern Iranian languages)则分为四个族群,西南族群包括现代波斯语(法尔斯语)、达利(Dari,位於阿富汗北方)、塔吉克位(於塔吉克和其他中亚共和国)、卢尔语(Luri)、巴克提尔利语(Bakhtiari,於伊朗西南部)和塔特语(Tat);西北族群则有库尔德语(Kurdish,於库尔德斯坦〔Kurdistan〕使用)、俾路支语(Baluchi,於巴基斯坦西南方、伊朗东南方和阿富汗南方使用);东南族群有普什图语(Pashto,於阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北方使用)和约十种帕米尔诸语言(Pamir languages,於塔吉克东方、阿富汗和中国毗连区使用);东北族群有生活於高加索山的奥塞特人(Osset)使用的奥塞特语(Ossetic)、帕米尔高原区之前所使用的雅格诺比语(Yaghnobi)。几乎所有现念伊朗诸语言都以阿拉伯字母书写。
Iranian languages
Major subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Iranian languages are probably spoken by over 80 million people in southwestern and southern Asia. Only two Old Iranian languages are known, Avestan and Old Persian. A greater number of Middle Iranian languages (c. 300 BC-AD 950) are known; these are divided into a western and an eastern group. Modern Iranian languages have been divided into four groups. The southwestern group includes Modern Persian (Farsi), Dari (in northern Afghanistan), Tajiki (in Tajikistan and other Central Asian republics), Luri and Bakhtiari (in southwestern Iran), and Tat. The northwestern group includes Kurdish (spoken in Kurdistan) and Baluchi (in southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran, and southern Afghanistan). The southeastern group includes Pashto (in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan) and the 10 or so Pamir languages (in eastern Tajikistan and adjacent parts of Afghanistan and China). The northeastern group includes Ossetic, spoken by the Ossetes in the central Caucasus Mtns., and Yaghnobi, formerly spoken in a single valley of the Pamirs. Nearly all the Modern Iranian languages have been written—if at all—in adaptations of the Arabic alphabet.
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择地而蹈是什么意思?
意思是:选择地方行走。形容做事小心谨慎。成语名字:择地而蹈成语发音:zédìérdǎo成语解释:选择地方行走。形容做事小心谨慎。成语出处:《史记·伯夷列传》:“或择地而蹈之,时然后出言,行不由径,非公正不发愤。”成语繁体:擇地而蹈感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定...
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一掷百万是什么意思?
意思是:指用钱满不在乎,一花就是一大笔。成语名字:一掷百万成语发音:yīzhìbǎiwàn成语解释:指用钱满不在乎,一花就是一大笔。成语出处:《晋书·何无忌传》:“刘毅家无儋石之储,樗蒱一掷百万。”成语繁体:一擲百萬常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定...
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透骨酸心是什么意思?
意思是:形容极度伤心。成语名字:透骨酸心成语发音:tòugǔsuānxīn成语解释:形容极度伤心。成语出处:《儿女英雄传》第五回:“她自己心中,以有一腔的弥天恨事,透骨酸心。感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;指十分伤心成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:近代成语老妈离世的...
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遗迹谈虚是什么意思?
意思是:谓舍弃根据而空谈玄虚。成语名字:遗迹谈虚成语发音:yíjìtánxū成语解释:谓舍弃根据而空谈玄虚。成语出处:宋·程大昌《〈演繁露〉序》:“然有退之(韩愈)之学则可,无退之之学而遗迹谈虚,恐援据所及,金根金银或相贸易,并可赧矣。”成语繁体:遺跡談虚感情色彩:中性成...