什么是果实
显花植物中的子房发育而成的器官,肉质或乾燥,内含种子。果实是一个严格的植物学定义,因此,杏、香蕉、葡萄,以及豆荚、谷粒、番茄、黄瓜、带壳的橡树子、扁桃等都是果实。但按通俗的说法,英语中fruit一词仅指从子房发育成的味甜肉质的器官(水果)。果实主要的植物学目的是保护并散步种子。果实可分为两大类,肉果包括:浆果,如番茄、柑、樱桃等,全部果皮及附属部分均为肉质;聚合果,如黑莓、草莓等,由一朵花内的许多雌蕊发育而成,每枝雌蕊发育为一个小果;聚花果,如菠萝、桑,由整个花序中各花的子房发育而成。乾果包括荚果、颖果、蒴果、坚果等。果实是纤维素和维生素(尤其是维生素C)最重要的来源。果实可以鲜吃;可制果汁、果酱及果冻;或以脱水、罐装、速冻及腌渍贮藏。
fruit
In its strict botanical sense, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary (enlarged portion of the pistil) of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Popularly, the term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and either succulent or pulpy. The principal botanical purpose of the fruit is to protect and spread the seed. There are two broad categories of fruit: fleshy and dry. Fleshy fruits include berries, such as tomatoes, oranges, and cherries, which consist entirely of succulent tissue; aggregate fruits, including blackberries and strawberries, which form from a single flower with many pistils, each of which develops into fruitlets; and multiple fruits, such as pineapples and mulberries, which develop from the mature ovaries of an entire inflorescence. Dry fruits include the legumes, cereal grains, capsules, and nuts. Fruits are important sources of dietary fiber and vitamins (especially vitamin C). They can be eaten fresh; processed into juices, jams, and jellies; or preserved by dehydration, canning, fermentation, and pickling.
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什么是建筑八大员
建筑八大员是指施工员(测量员)、质量员、安全员、标准员、材料员、机械员、劳务员(预算员)、资料员。建筑八大员是基于中华人民共和国行业标准JGJ/T250-2011《建筑与市政工程施工现场专业人员职业标准》,此标准所指建筑与市政工程施工现场专业人员。八大员的职...
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什么是皮肤肿瘤
原发于皮肤或其附属器的肿瘤和由其他内脏器官、组织的恶性肿瘤(如乳腺癌、胃癌等)转移到皮肤的转移瘤。有些皮肤表现可以是系统性肿瘤,特别是淋巴系统肿瘤的一个组成部分,如淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病等。皮肤肿瘤也可以转移到体内器官。皮肤肿瘤有良性与恶性之分。...
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什么是酶催化剂
即指酶,一类由生物体产生的具有高效和专一催化功能的蛋白质。酶催化剂和活细胞催化剂均可称为生物催化剂。在生物体内,酶参与催化几乎所有的物质转化过程,与生命活动有密切关系;在体外,也可作为催化剂进行工业生产。酶有很高的催化效率,在温和条件下(室温、常压、中性...
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什么是张子和(约1156~1228)
即张从正。金代医学家。字子和,号戴人。睢州考城(今河南兰考)人。金元四大家之一,攻下派倡导人。兴定(1217~1222)中曾擢为大臣,不慕名利,无何辞去。其学继承刘河间,用药多寒凉,提倡汗、下、吐三法治病,提出“攻邪论”,成为攻下派之祖。代表作有《儒门事亲》15卷。他认为...