什么是大萧条
西方世界所经历的时间最长和最严重的经济萧条。开始於在美国纽约发生的1929年股市大崩盘,持续至1939年左右。到1932年末,股价跌到只有之前市值的20%左右;而到1933年,美国25,000家银行中有11,000家宣告破产,导致需求和产出水平大大下降,造成高失业率(至1932年失业率达25~30%)。由於美国是战後欧洲的主要债权人和资金融通者,一旦美国经济陷入萧条,欧洲的繁荣随之崩溃,特别是德国和英国。各国均藉由提高关税、对外贸进口规定配额来保护自己国内的贸易。到1932年,世界贸易总值减少一半以上。大萧条在政治领域也产生了重大的後果。在美国,经济危机导致罗斯福当选为总统,他的新政对美国的经济结构造成若干重大变革。在德国,经济灾难直接导致了希特勒的崛起,於1933年夺取政权。在欧洲其他国家,大萧条增强了极端主义势力,降低了自由民主的威望。在大萧条以前,各国政府依赖客观的市场力量去获致必要的经济纠正;而在大萧条以後,政府开始承担主要的作用,以确保经济稳定。
Great Depression
longest and most severe economic depression ever experienced by the Western world. It began in the U.S. with the New York Stock Market Crash of 1929 and lasted until about 1939. By late 1932 stock values had dropped to about 20% of their previous value, and by 1933 11,000 of the U.S.'s 25,000 banks had failed. This led to much-reduced levels of demand and hence of production, resulting in high unemployment (by 1932, 25-30%). Since the U.S. was the major creditor and financier of postwar Europe, the U.S. financial collapse led to collapses of other economies, especially those of Germany and Britain. Nations sought to protect domestic production by imposing tariffs and quotas, reducing the value of international trade by more than half by 1932. The Great Depression contributed to political upheaval. It led to the election of Franklin Roosevelt in the U.S. and major changes in the structure of the U.S. economy brought about by his New Deal. It directly contributed to Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933 and to political extremism in other countries. Before the Great Depression, governments relied on impersonal market forces to achieve economic correction; afterward, government action came to assume a principal role in ensuring economic stability.
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悬车之岁是什么意思?
意思是:见“悬车之年”。成语名字:悬车之岁成语发音:xuánchēzhīsuì成语解释:见“悬车之年”。成语出处:清·梁章钜《归田琐记·七十致仕》:“若今日未及四十,早入仕途,则致仕之期,即不必以七十为限……故余两次引归,皆未及悬车之岁。”成语繁体:懸車之歲感情色彩:中性...
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先意承颜是什么意思?
意思是:同“先意承志”。成语名字:先意承颜成语发音:xiānyìchéngyán成语解释:同“先意承志”。成语出处:北齐·颜之推《颜氏家训·勉学》:“未知养亲者,欲其观古人之先意承颜,怡声下气。”成语繁体:先意承顔感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;指奉承上级成语结构...
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信口开呵是什么意思?
意思是:见“信口开合”。成语名字:信口开呵成语发音:xìnkǒukāihē成语解释:见“信口开合”。成语出处:元·尚仲贤《气英布》第一折:“你待要着死撞活,将功折过,你休那里信口开呵。”成语繁体:信口開呵感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、宾语、状语;指随口乱说成语结构:...
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无可奈何是什么意思?
意思是:奈何:如何;怎么办。不得已;没有办法。成语名字:无可奈何成语发音:wúkěnàihé成语解释:奈何:如何;怎么办。不得已;没有办法。成语出处:西汉司马迁《史记周本纪》:“太史伯阳曰:‘祸成矣,无可奈何!’”成语繁体:無可奈何常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:偏正...