什么是宗系遗传
公认的社会家系体制,各个社会都不相同,一个人可以据此宣称和另一个人有亲属关系(kinship)。宗系遗传制度的实践意义在於,一个人可以据此申明自己的权利、义务、特权或地位。当以亲属关系决定继位、遗产继承(inheritance)或住宅继承时,宗系遗传制度具有特殊影响。限制亲属关系之认同的方法之一是仅强调双亲中一方的种种关系。这种所谓“单系”亲属制度有两种主要类型︰父系(或男系)制度强调父亲方面的种种关系;母系(或女系)制度强调母亲方面的种种关系。单系制度与所谓同族制度大不相同,根据同族制度,每一个人对父系及母系亲属负有同样的义务及责任,反过来也可以从父系及母系亲属指望获得同样权利和特权。在结构上,并从权利及义务上讲,同族制度是模糊的,趋向於成为工业化程度较高的国家的特性,在这些国家,个人的权利及义务日益为制度及法律所规定。
descent
System of acknowledged social parentage whereby a person may claim kinship ties with another. Descent systems vary widely. The practical importance of descent comes from its use as a means for individuals to assert rights, duties, privileges, or status. Descent has special influence when rights to succession, inheritance, or residence follow kinship lines. One method of limiting the recognition of kinship is to emphasize the relationship through one parent only. Such unilineal kinship systems are of two main types—patrilineal systems, in which the relationships through the father are emphasized; and matrilineal systems, in which maternal relationships are stressed. These systems differ radically from cognatic systems, in which everyone has similar obligations to, and expectations from, both paternal and maternal kin. The cognatic system is somewhat vague and tends to characterize the more industrialized countries, in which individual rights and duties are increasingly defined institutionally or legally.
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悬车之岁是什么意思?
意思是:见“悬车之年”。成语名字:悬车之岁成语发音:xuánchēzhīsuì成语解释:见“悬车之年”。成语出处:清·梁章钜《归田琐记·七十致仕》:“若今日未及四十,早入仕途,则致仕之期,即不必以七十为限……故余两次引归,皆未及悬车之岁。”成语繁体:懸車之歲感情色彩:中性...
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先意承颜是什么意思?
意思是:同“先意承志”。成语名字:先意承颜成语发音:xiānyìchéngyán成语解释:同“先意承志”。成语出处:北齐·颜之推《颜氏家训·勉学》:“未知养亲者,欲其观古人之先意承颜,怡声下气。”成语繁体:先意承顔感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;指奉承上级成语结构...
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信口开呵是什么意思?
意思是:见“信口开合”。成语名字:信口开呵成语发音:xìnkǒukāihē成语解释:见“信口开合”。成语出处:元·尚仲贤《气英布》第一折:“你待要着死撞活,将功折过,你休那里信口开呵。”成语繁体:信口開呵感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、宾语、状语;指随口乱说成语结构:...
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无可奈何是什么意思?
意思是:奈何:如何;怎么办。不得已;没有办法。成语名字:无可奈何成语发音:wúkěnàihé成语解释:奈何:如何;怎么办。不得已;没有办法。成语出处:西汉司马迁《史记周本纪》:“太史伯阳曰:‘祸成矣,无可奈何!’”成语繁体:無可奈何常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:偏正...