什么是工党
英国政党,过去与工会的连结关系促使其在创造国家经济繁荣和提供社会服务上扮演活跃的角色。与保守党处於相对地位,工党自20世纪初以来为英国主要的民主社会党。1900年英国职工大会与独立工党(1893年成立)共同组成“工人代表委员会”,1906年改名工党。1918年成为有民主章程的社会党,到了1922年时取代自由党成为正式的反对党。1924年麦克唐纳在自由党支持下组成第一届工党政府。工党自1935年开始丧失权力,直到1945年重获选举胜利,由艾德礼组成的政府(持续至1951年)建立了社会福利体系,包括国民保健署和广泛的工业国有化。工党在威尔逊(1964~1970)和贾拉汉(1974~1979)的领导下重获政权,但因为经济问题和与工会间越来越恶劣的关系而崩溃。1983年富特提出的激进政策使工党大败。金诺克(生於1942年)虽将党的立场移向中庸,但只有在1997年布莱尔和他的“新工党”议题成功地让工党重回执政地位。
Labour Party
British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and the provision of social services. In opposition to the Conservative Party, it has been Britain's major democratic socialist party since the early 20th century. In 1900 the Trades Union Congress and the Independent Labour Party (founded 1893) established the Labour Representation Committee, which took the name Labour Party in 1906. In 1918 it became a socialist party with a democratic constitution, and by 1922 it had supplanted the Liberal Party as the official opposition party. In 1924 James Ramsay MacDonald formed the first Labour government, with Liberal support. The party was out of power from 1935 until a spectacular recovery in 1945 brought in Clement R. Attlee's government (until 1951), which introduced a system of social welfare, including a national health service, and extensive nationalization of industry. Labour regained power under Harold Wilson (1964-70) and later James Callaghan (1974-79), but foundered because of economic problems and worsening relations with its trade-union allies. In 1983 Michael Foot's radical program resulted in a massive Labour defeat. Neil Kinnock (born 1942) moved the party toward the center, but only in 1997 did Tony Blair and his “New Labour” agenda succeed in returning Labour to power.
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识涂老马是什么意思?
意思是:见“识途老马”。成语名字:识涂老马成语发音:shítúlǎomǎ成语解释:见“识途老马”。成语出处:清·钱谦益《夜过磨盘岭》诗:“攫食饥乌心未饱,识涂老马足堪扪。”成语繁体:識涂老馬感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作主语、宾语;指有经验的人成语结构:偏正式成语产生年...
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鱼烂取亡是什么意思?
意思是:见“鱼烂而亡”。成语名字:鱼烂取亡成语发音:yúlànqǔwáng成语解释:见“鱼烂而亡”。成语出处:梁启超《中国国债史》:“即微外国债主之干涉,而鱼烂取亡之气象,犹岌岌不可终日也。”成语繁体:魚爛取亡感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:...
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闻风远遁是什么意思?
意思是:听到风声就逃之夭夭。成语名字:闻风远遁成语发音:wénfēngyuǎndùn成语解释:听到风声就逃之夭夭。成语出处:明·冯梦龙《古今小说·木绵庵郑虎臣报冤》:“贾似道打听得蒙古有事北归,鄂州围解,遂将议和称臣纳币之事瞒过不提,上表夸张己功。只说蒙古俱己威名,闻风...
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无名之朴是什么意思?
意思是:亦作“无名之璞”。①道家谓质朴自然、玄默无为之“道”为“无名之朴”。②未出名的璞玉。喻不为人知的才识之士。成语名字:无名之朴成语发音:wúmíngzhīpǔ成语解释:亦作“无名之璞”。①道家谓质朴自然、玄默无为之“道”为“无名之朴”。②未出名的璞...