什么是共产党
一种政党,其成立目的是为促使社会从资本主义(capitalism)过渡到社会主义(socialism)再到共产主义(communism)。俄国是第一个由共产主义者掌权的国家(1917)。布尔什维克(Bolshevik)党在1918年更名为俄国共产党(All-Russian Communist Party);取这个名字是为了要跟那些在第一次世界大战期间支持资本主义政府的第二国际(Second International)社会主义者作区别。该政党的基本单位是工人会议(苏维埃,soviet),其上则是区、市、专区、全国等各级委员会。位於最顶端的是全国代表大会,每几年才举行一次;大会代表选出中央委员会委员,再由他们选出政治局(Politburo)和书记处(Secretariat)成员,不过这些组织实际上很少有什麽变动。苏联在第二次世界大战期间支配了世界各地的共产党。南斯拉夫(Yugoslavia)於1948年挑战这种霸权,中国则在1950和1960年代与苏联分道扬镳。各国共产党在苏联瓦解(1991)後仍存在,但是政治上的影响力小了许多。古巴(Cuba)仍由共产党统治,北韩(North Korea)也由世袭的共产党领袖所统治。
Communist Party
Political party organized to facilitate the transition of society from capitalism through socialism to communism. Russia was the first country in which communists came to power (1917). In 1918 the Bolshevik party was renamed the All-Russian Communist Party; the name was taken to distinguish its members from the socialists of the Second International who had supported capitalist governments during World War I. Its basic unit was the workers' council (soviet), above which were district, city, regional, and republic committees. At the top was the party congress, which met only every few years; the delegates elected the members of the Central Committee, who in turn elected the members of the Politburo and the Secretariat, though those organizations were actually largely self-perpetuating. The Soviet Union dominated communist parties worldwide through World War II. Yugoslavia challenged that hegemony in 1948 and China went its own way in the 1950s and '60s. Communist parties have survived the demise of the Soviet Union (1991), but with reduced political influence. Cuba's party remains in control, as does a hereditary communist party in North Korea.
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择地而蹈是什么意思?
意思是:选择地方行走。形容做事小心谨慎。成语名字:择地而蹈成语发音:zédìérdǎo成语解释:选择地方行走。形容做事小心谨慎。成语出处:《史记·伯夷列传》:“或择地而蹈之,时然后出言,行不由径,非公正不发愤。”成语繁体:擇地而蹈感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定...
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一掷百万是什么意思?
意思是:指用钱满不在乎,一花就是一大笔。成语名字:一掷百万成语发音:yīzhìbǎiwàn成语解释:指用钱满不在乎,一花就是一大笔。成语出处:《晋书·何无忌传》:“刘毅家无儋石之储,樗蒱一掷百万。”成语繁体:一擲百萬常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定...
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透骨酸心是什么意思?
意思是:形容极度伤心。成语名字:透骨酸心成语发音:tòugǔsuānxīn成语解释:形容极度伤心。成语出处:《儿女英雄传》第五回:“她自己心中,以有一腔的弥天恨事,透骨酸心。感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语、定语;指十分伤心成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:近代成语老妈离世的...
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遗迹谈虚是什么意思?
意思是:谓舍弃根据而空谈玄虚。成语名字:遗迹谈虚成语发音:yíjìtánxū成语解释:谓舍弃根据而空谈玄虚。成语出处:宋·程大昌《〈演繁露〉序》:“然有退之(韩愈)之学则可,无退之之学而遗迹谈虚,恐援据所及,金根金银或相贸易,并可赧矣。”成语繁体:遺跡談虚感情色彩:中性成...