什麼是埃及藝術
西元前3000~西元前1000年的埃及王朝時期,在埃及與努比亞的尼羅河流域所產生的古代建築、雕刻、繪畫和裝飾工藝品。埃及藝術比其他任何一種藝術更是有權者的宣傳利器,使社會現存的結構得以持續不斷。很大一部分藝術品是由古墓儲存下來的。埃及藝術的發展歷程大致與國家的政治歷史平行並進,分為三個時期:古王國時期(西元前2700年~西元前2150?年)、中王國時期(西元前2000~西元前1670?年)、新王國時期(西元前1550~西元前1070年)。古王國的石墓與神廟都以色彩鮮明的浮雕裝飾,生動而真實地描繪人民的日常生活;對人像的繪製已有規定,標明正確的比例、姿態及細節的配置,通常均與所闡釋主體的社會地位有關。古王國末期藝術品質衰退,中王國時期政治情況稍為穩定,藝術隨之復興,特別值得注意的是國王們的雕像,浮雕及繪畫都臻於高水準的藝術境界。新王國時期藝術進入百花齊放期,巨型花崗岩人像及牆上的浮雕為統治者與眾神歌功頌德;繪畫成為獨立的藝術,裝飾的手工藝品達於新高峰,圖坦卡門(Tutankhamen)的陵墓所發現的寶藏,是各種奢侈藝術品的典型。
Egyptian art
Ancient sculptures, paintings, and decorative crafts produced in the dynastic periods of the 3rd-1st millennia BC in the Nile Valley of Egypt and Nubia. Egyptian art served those in power as a forceful propaganda instrument that perpetuated the existing framework of society. Much of what has survived is associated with ancient tombs. The course of art in Egypt paralleled the country's political history and is divided into three periods: Old Kingdom (c. 2700-c. 2150 BC), Middle Kingdom (c. 2000-c. 1670 BC), and New Kingdom (c. 1550-c. 1070 BC). The Old Kingdom's stone tombs and temples were decorated with vigorous and brightly painted reliefs illustrating the daily life of the people. Rules for portraying the human figure were established, specifying proportions, postures, and placement of details, often linked to the subjects' social standing. An artistic decline at the end of the Old Kingdom led to a revival in the more stable political climate of the Middle Kingdom, notable for its expressive portrait sculptures of kings and its excellent relief sculptures and painting. The New Kingdom brought a magnificent flowering of the arts; great granite statues and wall reliefs glorified rulers and gods, painting became an independent art, and the decorative crafts reached new peaks, the treasure of Tutankhamen's tomb typifying the variety of luxury items created. See also Egyptian architecture.
-
什麼是肝陽上亢證
肝陰不足,與肝陽失去平衡協調,肝陽相對偏盛,浮動上亢所引起,臨床以眩暈,頭目脹痛,面紅目赤,頭重足輕為主要表現的證候。多見於頭痛、眩暈、中風、耳鳴耳聾,以及西醫的高血壓、腦出血、腦血栓形成等疾病。肝陰與肝陽,相互依存,相互為用,對立統一,保持著相對平衡的協調穩定狀...
-
什麼是老化
身體各個系統及各種器官和組織在生長髮育成熟後,隨增齡而逐步出現的各種生理的、代謝的和功能的改變。而增齡(aging)包括的時限更長,包括從發育開始即發生的變化。老化有4個特點:普遍性、進行性、消耗性及內源性。老化是一種正常發展過程,是一種生理過程,與遺傳及...
-
什麼是建築八大員
建築八大員是指施工員(測量員)、質量員、安全員、標準員、材料員、機械員、勞務員(預算員)、資料員。建築八大員是基於中華人民共和國行業標準JGJ/T250-2011《建築與市政工程施工現場專業人員職業標準》,此標準所指建築與市政工程施工現場專業人員。八大員的職...
-
什麼是工效學
研究人-機器裝置-工作環境系統中三者之間關係使之達到協調和統一的一門綜合性實用學科。研究的目的是使各種作業的生產方式、操作方法和勞動休息制度適合於人的身體條件和要求,保證人在工作中的安全、健康和舒適,使人不僅在短時間內有效地工作,而且在長時期內也不致...