什麼是恐怖主義
有系統地使用暴力來製造某些人的恐懼,期以達成特定的政治目標。世界各地的歷史上都出現過恐怖主義活動,包括左派及右派的政治組織、民族主義者、特殊族群團體及革命分子。恐怖主義雖然常被認為是顛覆及推翻既存政治體制的工具,但有時也會被政府用來對付人民以強化國家意識形態,例如某些古羅馬皇帝、法國革命時期(恐怖統治Reign of Terror)、納粹德國以及史達林時代的俄國。恐怖主義的影響逐日加大,因為一方面現代武器的致命性和科技複雜性愈來愈高,另一方面現代媒體傳散這類攻擊新聞的即時性也愈來愈高。有史以來最嚴重的恐怖攻擊發生在2001年9月:自殺性的恐怖分子劫持四架美國民航客機,其中兩架撞上紐約世界貿易中心(World Trade Center)的雙子星大樓,另一架撞擊華府的五角大廈(Pentagon),第四架則墜毀在賓州匹茲堡附近。這些撞擊導致世貿中心幾乎全部崩坍、五角大廈西南角燒燬,造成飛機上266人罹難、撞毀的建築物內外數千人死亡。
terrorism
Systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. It has been used throughout history and the world by political organizations of both the left and the right, by nationalist and ethnic groups, and by revolutionaries. Though usually thought of as an instrument for destabilizing or overthrowing existing political institutions, terror has also been employed internally by governments against their own subjects to enforce adherence to the national ideology; examples include the reigns of certain Roman emperors, the French Revolution (see Reign of Terror), Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union in the Stalinist era. Terrorism's impact has been magnified by the deadliness and technological sophistication of modern-day weapons and the capability of modern media to disseminate news of such attacks instantaneously throughout the world. The deadliest terrorist attack ever occurred in September 2001, when suicide terrorists hijacked four commercial airplanes and crashed two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center complex and one into the Pentagon building in Washington, D.C.; the fourth plane crashed near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The crashes resulted in the collapse of much of the World Trade Center complex, the destruction of part of the southwest side of the Pentagon, and the deaths of 266 people aboard the planes and thousands more in the buildings or in nearby areas.
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什麼是D-葡萄糖醇
又稱L-山梨糖醇、L-古羅糖醇。為D-葡萄糖分子中的羰基還原而得的糖醇,分子式C6H14O6。廣泛存在於薔薇科屬水果(梨、蘋果、桃、杏等)中,這些新鮮水果通常含有D-葡萄糖醇5%~10%。此外,紅藻含有D-葡萄糖醇13.6%(乾重)。在生物體內它是D-葡萄糖和D-果糖之間酶促相互轉化的重...
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什麼是威海市
山東省港口城市,省轄市,中國海防要地之一。位於膠東半島東北端,三面環山,一面臨海,港灣內水域廣闊,外有劉公島遮蔽,地勢險要。轄1區及乳山縣。面積5436平方公里,人口237.46萬;其中市區面積408平方公里,人口25.74萬。威海城區在明以前,為海濱漁村。漢稱石落村。元改稱清泉...
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什麼是阜平縣
河北省保定地區轄縣。抗日革命根據地之一。位於省境中部太行山東麓。面積2480平方公里,人口19.04萬。縣府駐阜平鎮。金明昌四年(1193)始置阜平,治所在今縣城。清康熙年間曾移治所王快,後移今治所。縣境位於山區,山地約佔3/4,山高坡陡,地勢險峻,大部海拔千米以上,最高峰...
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什麼是再發新星
爆發變星的一種。一般認為再發新星和新星之間並沒有嚴格的區別,只是有的新星在第一次爆發之後,經過數年或數十年,又發生第二次、第三次甚至更多次的爆發,所以就稱這種新星為再發新星。按一般分類法劃分的再發新星已發現十二顆。再發新星在銀河系中的分佈與新星相似...