什么是窦加
Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar
法国画家、图像艺术家和雕刻家。父为富裕银行家。1855年进入巴黎美术学校学画。他花了很多时间在义大利学习,模仿古代大师的绘画,并成为一个技术优良的画匠,绘制历史画和肖像画。1860年代他受到马奈(Edouard Manet)的印象主义(Impressionism)的影响,放弃了他的学院派理想,把他的绘画主题转向巴黎形色匆匆的生活,特别是芭蕾、戏剧、马戏团、赛马场和咖啡馆。他还受到日本版画和新摄影手法的影响,他运用动态的人群和不常见的透视画法来创造那种看起来动作很平常自在的人物群,类似快拍的效果(如《勒皮克子爵及其女儿们》)。窦加出於兴趣对芭蕾和赛马很着迷,他特别喜欢画那些专注於自己职业的人们。他作了许多粉彩画,这是他最喜欢用的素材,画了一系列的女人、浴女、芭蕾伶娜和马赛。窦加约从1880年开始制造蜡像,这些蜡像後来在他死後铸成铜像。他是第一个获得认同的印象派画家。
1834~1917年
Degas, (Hilaire-Germain-) Edgar
French painter, graphic artist, and sculptor. The son of a wealthy banker, he entered the école des Beaux-Arts in 1855. He spent much time in Italy studying and copying the old masters and became a skilled draftsman, producing history paintings and portraits. In the 1860s he was introduced to Impressionism by Edouard Manet and gave up his academic aspirations, turning for his subject matter to the fast-moving city life of Paris, particularly the ballet, theater, circus, racetrack, and cafés. Influenced by Japanese prints and the new medium of photography, he used displaced figure groupings and unfamiliar perspective to create figure groups seen informally and in movement, similar in effect to snapshots (e.g., Place de la Concorde). His fascination with the ballet and the racetrack sprang from his interest in picturing people absorbed in the practiced movements of their occupations. He worked much in pastel, his favorite medium, producing series of women, bathers, ballerinas, and horse races. From c. 1880 he modeled wax figures, which were cast in bronze after his death. He was the first of the Impressionists to achieve recognition.
-
什么是止泻药
控制腹泻的药物。腹泻虽是临床上常见的症状,但也有利于清除肠道的刺激性物质和毒性物质,因此治疗腹泻应以针对病因为主,不宜单纯依赖止泻药。止泻药适用于剧烈腹泻或长期慢性腹泻,以防止机体过度脱水、水盐代谢失调、消化及营养障碍。种类一般分为四类。(1)阿片(鸦片)...
-
什么是免疫球蛋白
一组具有特殊的化学结构和免疫功能的球蛋白,存在于体液内和淋巴细胞表面,是抗体的物质基础。按结构和功能的不同分为五大类:IgG,IgM,IgA,IgD和IgE。其分子大小、电荷、氨基酸组成和碳水化合物含量很不均一。当患变态反应性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、各种感染以及多发性...
-
什么是细胞因子
机体各种细胞产生的小分子多肽类物质,具有调节正常生理功能、维持自身稳定的作用。它们与内分泌系统产生的激素不同,一般只在短距离内发挥效应。从广义来说,全身各系统细胞产生的多肽类分子都可称之为细胞因子,但目前一般多把免疫细胞和相关细胞(如成纤维细胞、内皮...
-
什么是捏积
以手捏拿患者背部脊中线的推拿方法。又称捏脊。多用于治疗小儿疳积等病证。晋代葛洪《肘后方·治卒腹痛方》载“拈取其脊骨皮,深取痛引之,从龟尾至顶乃止,未愈更为之。”此是捏脊疗法的最早文字记载。此法在历代推拿著作中记述不多,但因其方法简便,效果显著,在民间广...