什麼是默劇與童話劇
僅靠肢體動作敍述劇情的戲劇表演形式。默劇最早出現在西元前5世紀的希臘,是一種主要強調模仿動作的喜劇表演,但也包括歌唱和對白。西元前100年左右開始,一種獨立的羅馬默劇形式發展起來,集中於粗魯的、淫亂的題材。羅馬童話劇不同於羅馬默劇的地方在於它的主題更為高尚,表演中使用面具,這就要求演員透過姿態和手勢來表演。從古時起,默劇在亞洲戲劇中也很重要,在中國和日本的戲劇中它是構成主要戲劇類型的要素(如日本的能樂)。羅馬傳統的童話劇在16世紀的即興喜劇中得到改進,即興喜劇先後影響了18世紀法國和英國的幕間幽默短劇;後者逐漸發展成為19世紀的童話劇,一種強調出洋相的兒童劇。現代西方默劇發展為一種純粹的沈默藝術,僅靠手勢、動作及表情來傳達意念。着名的默劇演員有德布勞、德古(他發展了一套手語系統)和馬叟。卓別林是一個多才多藝的默片演員,同樣凱撒(S. Caesar)和馬戲團小丑凱利(E. Kelly)也是默劇大師。
mime and pantomime
Dramatic performance in which a story is told solely by expressive body movement. Mime appeared in Greece in the 5th century BC as a comic entertainment that stressed mimetic action but included song and spoken dialogue. A separate Roman form developed from c. 100 BC and centered on crude and licentious subjects. Roman pantomime differed from Roman mime by its loftier themes and its use of masks, which called for expression through posture and hand gestures. Mime was also important in Asian drama from ancient times, and it forms an element in major Chinese and Japanese dramatic forms (e.g., No drama). The Roman tradition of pantomime was modified in the 16th-century commedia dell'arte, which in turn influenced the 18th-century French and English comic interludes that developed into 19th-century pantomime, a children's entertainment emphasizing spectacle. Modern Western mime developed into a purely silent art in which meanings are conveyed through gesture, movement, and expression. Famous mimes include Jean-Gaspard Deburau, étienne Decroux (who developed a systematic language of gesture), and Marcel Marceau. Charlie Chaplin was an accomplished mime, as were Sid Caesar and the circus clown Emmett Kelly.
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什麼是D-葡萄糖醇
又稱L-山梨糖醇、L-古羅糖醇。為D-葡萄糖分子中的羰基還原而得的糖醇,分子式C6H14O6。廣泛存在於薔薇科屬水果(梨、蘋果、桃、杏等)中,這些新鮮水果通常含有D-葡萄糖醇5%~10%。此外,紅藻含有D-葡萄糖醇13.6%(乾重)。在生物體內它是D-葡萄糖和D-果糖之間酶促相互轉化的重...
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什麼是威海市
山東省港口城市,省轄市,中國海防要地之一。位於膠東半島東北端,三面環山,一面臨海,港灣內水域廣闊,外有劉公島屏蔽,地勢險要。轄1區及乳山縣。面積5436平方公里,人口237.46萬;其中市區面積408平方公里,人口25.74萬。威海城區在明以前,為海濱漁村。漢稱石落村。元改稱清泉...
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什麼是阜平縣
河北省保定地區轄縣。抗日革命根據地之一。位於省境中部太行山東麓。面積2480平方公里,人口19.04萬。縣府駐阜平鎮。金明昌四年(1193)始置阜平,治所在今縣城。清康熙年間曾移治所王快,後移今治所。縣境位於山區,山地約佔3/4,山高坡陡,地勢險峻,大部海拔千米以上,最高峯...
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什麼是再發新星
爆發變星的一種。一般認為再發新星和新星之間並沒有嚴格的區別,只是有的新星在第一次爆發之後,經過數年或數十年,又發生第二次、第三次甚至更多次的爆發,所以就稱這種新星為再發新星。按一般分類法劃分的再發新星已發現十二顆。再發新星在銀河系中的分佈與新星相似...