什麼是盧爾
Llull, Ramon
英語作Raynond Lully
西班牙(加泰龍)神祕主義者、詩人和傳教士。他在馬霍卡王宮中長大,在宮中他就寫抒情詩。後來他周遊各地,勸説穆斯林改奉基督教。據説他在貝賈亞被亂石擊死。作為哲學家,他以「尋找真理的藝術」的發明人着稱。這種藝術主要是在傳教工作中支援教會,同時把知識的所有分支統一起來。在他的主要着作《偉大藝術》(1305~1308)中,他試圖把所有形式的知識,包括神學、哲學和自然科學,都歸結為互相模仿而出自同源,都是宇宙中神性的表現。他的作品影響了整個中世紀以及17世紀的歐洲的新柏拉圖神祕主義。在加泰龍文化中,他的帶有寓意的小説《布蘭奎爾納》(1284?)和《菲力克斯》(1288?)受到廣泛的歡迎。他關於騎士制度的論文、關於動物的寓言故事以及關於中世紀思想的百科全書也都頗為人知。
1232/1233~1315/1316年
Llull, Ramon
Spanish (Catalan) mystic, poet, and missionary. He was reared at the court of Majorca, where he wrote lyrical troubadour poetry. He later traveled widely, attempting to convert Muslims to Christianity; he is said to have been stoned to death at Beja?a. As a philosopher, he is best known as the inventor of an “art of finding truth”; primarily intended to support the Church in its missionary work, it was also designed to unify all branches of knowledge. In his principal work, Ars magna (1305-8), he tried to relate all forms of knowledge, including theology, philosophy, and the natural sciences, as mutually analogous and manifestations of the godhead in the universe. His writings influenced Neoplatonic mysticism throughout medieval and 17th-century Europe. In Catalan culture, his allegorical novels Blanquerna (c. 1284) and Felix (c. 1288) enjoy wide popularity; he is also known for his treatise on chivalry, his animal fables, and an encyclopedia of medieval thought.
-
什麼是電子計算機X射線斷層成像
一種醫學影像診斷技術。用X射線對人體投射,經檢測器測定透射後的放射量,通過電子計算機處理,重建出人體斷層圖像,並作出診斷。簡史1895年倫琴發現X射線後,X射線立即被應用於臨牀診斷。為了克服影像重疊的缺點,從1914年起,先後有人採用X射線管與膠片作同步反向運動的方...
-
什麼是石膏
常用清熱瀉火藥。始載於《神農本草經》。別名細理石、寒水石、軟石膏。為硫酸鹽類礦物硬石膏族石膏。石膏有軟、硬石膏兩種,中醫中的石膏為軟石膏。產地和性狀石膏多產於海灣鹽湖和內陸湖泊形成的沉積巖中,常與石灰巖、黏土、巖鹽伴生。中國的主產地是湖北、安徽...
-
什麼是皮內針
用於淺刺埋針的小型針具。因針僅刺入皮內,故名。按其形狀可分為顆粒式、環式、撳釘式三種:(1)顆粒式。形似毫針,長7毫米或9毫米,針尾為金屬顆粒,常用直徑為0.22毫米或0.26毫米的金、銀或不鏽鋼絲製成。(2)環式。針尾呈環狀,長7毫米或9毫米,常用直徑0.26毫米的不鏽鋼絲製成...
-
什麼是熟地黃
常用補血藥。別名熟地。始載於《本草圖經》。為玄蔘科多年生草本植物地黃Rehmanniaglutinosa根經加黃酒拌蒸至內外色黑而油潤,或直接蒸至黑潤而成(圖1)。因其色黃,質量下沉,蒸熟曬乾入藥,故名。產地和性狀中國大部地區均有生產,主產於河南孟縣、温縣、武陟、博愛等...