什麼是倫敦
英國的首都及最大城市。位於英格蘭東南部,濱泰晤士河。內倫敦的範圍包括最原始的倫敦市和倫敦33個自治市的其中13個,大倫敦則包括所有的33個自治市。西元1世紀時由羅馬人建立,當時名為倫迪尼烏姆(Londinium),6世紀時歸屬撒克遜人。丹麥人在865年入侵英格蘭時破壞了該城的防禦工事,後來重建。威廉一世建立了倫敦塔這個城堡要塞的中心堡壘。諾曼國王們挑選威斯敏斯特為行政首府,而愛德華建立了西敏寺這座教堂。這座在1085年之前阿爾卑斯山脈以北歐洲最大的城市在1348~1349年遭到黑死病的重創。16世紀中葉貿易日益成長,因英國海外帝國的擴張而加速發展。1664~1665年爆發的瘟疫造成七萬多名倫敦人死亡。1666年倫敦大火燒光了5/6的城市,後來加以重建(參閲Wren, Sir Christopher)。從18世紀末葉到1914年倫敦一直是世界的貿易中心。1890年完成世界第一座電氣地下鐵道。在第二次世界大戰期間的不列顛戰役中遭到德軍的嚴重轟炸。市內具有歷史價值的地點包括:白金漢宮、泰特藝廊、英國國立美術館、大英博物館與維多利亞和艾伯特博物館。人口︰都會區約7,007,000(1995)。
London
Capital and largest city (metro. area pop., 1995 est.: 7,007,000), United Kingdom, situated in southeastern England on the River Thames. Inner London includes the original City of London and 13 of London's 33 boroughs; Greater London, includes all 33 boroughs. Founded by the Romans as Londinium in the 1st century AD, it passed to the Saxons in the 6th century. City fortifications were destroyed by the Danes, who invaded England in 865, but were later rebuilt. William I the Conqueror established the central stronghold of the fortress known as the Tower of London. Norman kings selected Westminster as their seat of government, and Edward the Confessor built the church known as Westminster Abbey. The largest city in Europe north of the Alps by 1085, it was struck by the Black Death in 1348-49. In the mid-16th century it saw important growth in trade, fueled by the establishment of Britain's overseas empire. In 1664-65 the plague killed about 70,000 Londoners, and in 1666 the Great Fire of London consumed five-sixths of the City; it was afterwards rebuilt (see Christopher Wren). It was the center of world trade from the late 18th century to 1914. It opened the world's first electric underground railway in 1890. It was severely damaged by German bombs in the Battle of Britain during World War II. Among its sites of interest are Buckingham Palace, the Tate Gallery, the National Gallery, the British Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
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什麼是時行感冒
感受時行病毒所引起的急性呼吸道傳染性疾病。西醫學稱為流行性感冒。全身症狀明顯,臨牀以突然惡寒、發熱、頭痛、全身痠痛為主要特徵。一年四季均可發生,冬春兩季較為多見。起病急驟,傳播迅速,傳染性強,常可引起大流行。時行感冒的病因多與氣候突變、寒温失常有關,如...
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什麼是石膏
常用清熱瀉火藥。始載於《神農本草經》。別名細理石、寒水石、軟石膏。為硫酸鹽類礦物硬石膏族石膏。石膏有軟、硬石膏兩種,中醫中的石膏為軟石膏。產地和性狀石膏多產於海灣鹽湖和內陸湖泊形成的沉積巖中,常與石灰巖、黏土、巖鹽伴生。中國的主產地是湖北、安徽...
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什麼是捏積
以手捏拿患者背部脊中線的推拿方法。又稱捏脊。多用於治療小兒疳積等病證。晉代葛洪《肘後方·治卒腹痛方》載“拈取其脊骨皮,深取痛引之,從龜尾至頂乃止,未愈更為之。”此是捏脊療法的最早文字記載。此法在歷代推拿著作中記述不多,但因其方法簡便,效果顯著,在民間廣...
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什麼是輸液
將用於治療、搶救和營養的液體輸入體內的醫療措施。輸入途徑有靜脈滴入和皮下滴入。靜脈滴入包括靜脈注射點滴、靜脈切開點滴和靜脈穿刺置入並保留導管點滴。靜脈注射點滴的常用部位是肘部和腕部靜脈和踝部大隱靜脈,小兒常用頭皮靜脈及手或足背淺靜脈。靜脈切開...