什麼是芭蕾
一種把正規的學院派舞蹈技巧結合音樂、服裝和舞台佈景等其他藝術要素的戲劇性舞蹈。從文藝復興時期宮廷的表演發展而來,芭蕾在路易十四世時期重新復興,1661年他成立皇家舞蹈研究院,任命博尚(P. Beauchamp)為院長,博尚發展出五個芭蕾舞位置。早期的芭蕾常伴隨着歌唱,往往合併入諸如盧利這樣的作曲家們的歌劇芭蕾中。18世紀時,諾維爾和安吉奧利尼分別創作了情節舞劇(ballet d'action),透過舞步和默劇來敍述一個故事,這一種改革也反映在葛路克所作的音樂中。19世紀初期芭蕾舞有了重大發展,包括腳尖點地的舞姿(以腳趾尖端保持平衡),以及首席芭蕾伶娜的出現,如塔利奧尼和埃爾絲勒。19世紀末、20世紀初,透過佳吉列夫、帕芙洛娃、尼金斯基、佩季帕和福金等人的革新,使俄國成為芭蕾劇的製作和表演中心;大型芭蕾舞劇多由柴可夫斯基和史特拉汶斯基作曲。此後,英國和美國的芭蕾舞學校努力將本國的芭蕾舞地位提昇到俄國芭蕾的層次,同時欣賞芭蕾舞的觀眾也增加了許多。亦請參閲American Ballet Theatre、Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo、Ballets Russes、Bolshoi Ballet、New York City Ballet、Royal Ballet。
ballet
Theatrical dance in which a formal academic technique (the danse d'école) is combined with music, costume, and stage scenery. Developed from court productions of the Renaissance, ballet was renewed under Louis XIV, who established France's Académie Royale de Danse in 1661, where Pierre Beauchamp developed the five ballet positions. Early ballets were often accompanied by singing and were often incorporated into opera-ballets by such composers as J.-B. Lully. In the 18th century J.-G. Noverre and Gasparo Angiolini separately developed the dramatic ballet (ballet d'action) to tell a story through dance steps and mime, a reform echoed in C.W. Gluck's music. Significant developments in the early 19th century included pointe work (balance on the extreme tip of the toe) and the emergence of the prima ballerina, exemplified by Marie Taglioni and Fanny Elssler. In the late 19th and early 20th century Russia became the center of ballet production and performance, through such innovators as Sergey Diaghilev, Anna Pavlova, Vaslav Nijinsky, Marius Petipa, and Michel Fokine; great ballets were composed by P. Tchaikovsky and I. Stravinsky. Since then, ballet schools in Great Britain and the U.S. have elevated ballet in those countries to Russia's level and greatly increased its audience. See also American Ballet Theatre, Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, Ballets Russes, Bolshoi Ballet, New York City Ballet, Royal Ballet.
-
什麼是月巖和月壤
從月球採回的巖石和表土樣品大致分為3類:(1)結晶質火成巖,細粒多孔狀(顆粒直徑<1毫米)至中粒等粒狀(顆粒直徑>1毫米)巖石,主要由巖漿結晶形成,少數是晶質化的衝擊熔巖(見隕石坑)。(2)角礫巖,顯微角礫狀巖石。碎屑直徑約0.1~1.0釐米。由火成巖碎屑、礦物碎屑、玻璃質和月壤機械混...
-
什麼是毛黴科
毛黴目中最大、最重要的1科。孢囊梗自菌絲上發生,簡單不分枝至分枝多次,單生或成束。在孢囊梗或其分枝的頂端形成孢子囊,全部為大型孢子囊,孢子囊內一般都有發達的囊軸。少數的屬在孢子囊下面還有孢囊下泡或楔形的囊託。孢子囊成熟時消解或破裂,釋放出孢囊孢子。本...
-
什麼是ÓêÑàÄ¿
Äñ¸ÙµÄ1ĿСÐÍÅÊÇÝ¡£×ìÐζÌÀ«¶øƽ±â£¬»òϸ³¤³É¹Ü×´£»Á½³á¼â³¤£»Î²´ó¶¼³Ê²æ×´£»õÆÛ•¶Ì£¬´ó¶¼±»Óð£¬×ã´ó¶à³ÊÇ°ÖºÐÍ¡£´ÆÐÛÏàËÆ¡£±¾Ä...
-
什麼是蛇島蝮
蛇目蝰科蝮亞科蝮屬的1種。僅見於中國遼寧省的蛇島。估計現存2萬條。全長可達800毫米(見圖)。體型粗壯,頭略呈三角形,有頰窩,眼後斜向口角有一細窄的黑褐色眉紋,其下緣鑲有一極細的灰白色線紋;軀尾背面灰褐色,有一列暗褐色的“X“形斑。軀幹中段背鱗23行,腹鱗150~164,尾下...