什么是亚当斯密
Smith, Adam
苏格兰社会哲学家和政治经济学家。海关官员之子,在格拉斯哥大学和牛津大学求学。在爱丁堡的一系列公开演讲(1748年起)让他与休姆建立一生的友谊,也让亚当斯密在1751年获得格拉斯哥大学聘任。在出版《道德感情理论》(1759)後,他成为未来之布克鲁奇公爵的家庭教师(1763~1766),与他一起旅居法国,并在那里亲近其他重要的思想家。1776年在工作九年之後,亚当斯密出版《国富论》,为政治经济方面最早的综合体系。他在书中论述以个人私利为本的经济体系较佳,好比由一只“看不见的手”引领,以获得最佳的好处,书中并把分工视为经济成长的首要因素。此书为当时盛行之重商主义体系的反应,站在古典经济学的开端。《国富论》立即为他赢得巨大声望,最後成为出版史上对经济影响最深远的作品。虽然常被视为资本主义的圣经,本书却严厉批判了毫无节制之自由企业与垄断的缺点。1777年亚当斯密奉派为苏格兰海关专员,1787年成为格拉斯哥大学校长。
1723~1790年
Smith, Adam
Scottish social philosopher and political economist. The son of a customs official, he studied at the Univs. of Glasgow and Oxford. A series of public lectures in Edinburgh (from 1748) led to a lifelong friendship with David Hume and to Smith's appointment to the Glasgow faculty in 1751. After publishing The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), he became the tutor of the future Duke of Buccleuch (1763-66); with him he traveled to France, where he consorted with other eminent thinkers. In 1776, after nine years of work, Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, the first comprehensive system of political economy. In it he argued in favor of an economic system based on individual self-interest that would be led, as if by an “invisible hand,” to achieve the greatest good for all, and posited the division of labor as the chief factor in economic growth. A reaction to the system of mercantilism then current, it stands as the beginning of classical economics. The Wealth of Nations in time won him an enormous reputation, and would become virtually the most influential work on economics ever published. Though often regarded as the bible of capitalism, it is harshly critical of the shortcomings of unrestrained free enterprise and monopoly. In 1777 Smith was appointed commissioner of customs for Scotland, and in 1787 rector of the University of Glasgow.
-
席卷天下是什么意思?
意思是:形容力量强大,控制了全国。成语名字:席卷天下成语发音:xíjuǎntiānxià成语解释:形容力量强大,控制了全国。成语出处:汉·贾谊《过秦论》:“有席卷天下,包举宇内,囊括四海之意,并吞八荒之心。”成语繁体:蓆卷天下常用程度:常用成语感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作谓语...
-
折箭为誓是什么意思?
意思是:折断箭以表示自己的决心和誓约。成语名字:折箭为誓成语发音:shéjiànwéishì成语解释:折断箭以表示自己的决心和誓约。成语出处:宋·岳珂《桯史·二将失律》:“虏既得俊迈,折箭为誓,启门以出二将。”成语繁体:摺箭為誓感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;用...
-
乌衣门第是什么意思?
意思是:指世家望族。成语名字:乌衣门第成语发音:wūyīméndì成语解释:指世家望族。成语出处:清·陈维菘《渡江云·扬州感旧》词:“风流推宋玉,更有乌衣门第旧琅琊。”成语繁体:烏衣門第感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:作宾语、定语;用于书面语成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代:古...
-
霜露之悲是什么意思?
意思是:对父母先祖的悲思。成语名字:霜露之悲成语发音:shuānglùzhībēi成语解释:对父母先祖的悲思。成语出处:北齐颜之推《颜氏家训终制》:“若报罔极之德,霜露之悲,有时斋供。”感情色彩:中性成语成语用法:偏正式;作宾语;指对父母先祖的悲思成语结构:偏正式成语产生年代...